By the late 18th century, cries revolution was in the political winds of Europe and America. Today a segment of youth disenchanted with society is distinguished by the whitened faces, pastel hair and blackened eyes reminiscent of the German cabarets of the 1930s. There were also washerwomen. This list may not reflect recent changes . After a few more affairs and a marriage in 1705, Villiers died at Walpole House in Chiswick in 1709, aged 68. Beautiful women of the Middle Ages -- from the 13th to 15th century -- were found in the legends of King Arthur and the poems of Chaucer. =-. Most women in the 16th century were wives and mothers. The Windsor Beauties were chosen to be immortalized because they were the most alluring and powerful women at. World War I was, in many respects, the dividing line between the Victorian age and the modern era. Fatness was this attribute of both peasants and kings. These were very expensive, so only rich women could afford them. Most everyone agrees that certain women -- Greta Garbo, Grace Kelly, Ingrid Bergman -- are truly beautiful. Dec 15, 2022 - Sometimes you need to specialize to reduce a board on fashion. Download your FREE 'Best Anti-Aging Skincare Routine" cheatsheet to find out what really works to prevent aging and minimise wrinkles (plus, weekly tips). The kings reign, which came after more than a decade of Puritan-fueled political upheaval, was so characterized by hedonism and licentiousness that he earned the name the Merry Monarch., Charles II, the party-hearty king, in a coronation portrait by John Michael Wright. They were pale but with rosy flesh tones, and their cheeks and chins were resplendantly plump. All are of women, and all the women look remarkably similar: frizzy-haired, goggle-eyed, double-chinned, and swathed in great gathered folds of silk. And then came Jane Fonda and the fitness look. 1535-1625) and Lavinia . That's why today ethnic looks and older women are more acceptable.". (Image: Henrietta Hyde, Countess of Rochester. Being a female artist in Europe between the 15th and 17th centuries was, unsurprisingly, incredibly difficult. The eyes blue, their orbits well-fashioned, and turned to sweetness. Very often the guilds (who regulated trade) let male members employ their wives or daughters in their workshops. The 1600s were a time when the beauty publishing industry gained momentum with books such as Sir Huplats' "Delights for Ladies," a how-to for making cosmetics at home, cleaning teeth and coloring hair. (Image: Charles II, the party-hearty king, in a coronation portrait by John Michael Wright. Many of their clothes were embroidered even hats and shoes. Yet it is the link between fashion and politics that seems to determine beauty standards. It was an era when the women won the right to vote and were even critized for leaving their faces in a "raw state" without benefit of cosmetics. Alice 5. Learn more about the cookies we use. 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The mouth admired by the Greeks was similar to the current fashion: naturally reddish, the lower lip slightly fuller than the upper. Though their influence was often denigrated, women participated in various community activities. These hybrid productions are unique in mapmaking. According to historian Scarborough, women of the upper classes followed Ovid's recommendations and prepared their cosmetics according to his formulas. "Unfair, untrue, absurd|" says Kobal today. Over the past decade, older models, such as Trish Hooker, appear with increasing frequency in popular magazines. I have so many and this was written years ago. They also learned to read and write. They reddened their lips and cheeks with cochineal (a dye made from crushed beetles). "The secret to beauty, by Greek standards, was in the harmonious proportions of facial features," says American University art historian and painter Carol Ravenal "There was both a rational as well as mystical appeal. They might also learn languages like Greek and Latin, Spanish, Italian, and French. The skin smooth, delicate, and of a fine grain. There are many different types of beautiful faces today and a greater tolerance of diversity. Another 1,277 beauty books are in the Library of Congress. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. "It's not threatening. In defiance of social strictures, women such as Mary Wollstonecraft began to speak out publicly on women's rights, including education and marriage laws. In January 1663, less than a year after Charles II married Catherine, Samuel Pepys, Villiers is the ultimate example of how beauty blessed and cursed the women of the Restoration court. "Sweet enough to be edible," quips Kobal. One of the most surprising--and appalling--aspects of 16th century make-up was the poisonous nature of many of the cosmetics. . You were supposed to be able to tell which class somebody belonged to by his or her clothes. Raphael understood the feminine psyche.". Bathing became acceptable, and "Water to make women beautiful forever" was one sales pitch of the day. In the Sixteenth Century, Two Women Painters Challenged Gender Roles. Poor women tended to give birth about once every two years. Poor and middle-class wives were kept very busy but rich women were not idle either. But when Johann Winckelmann, one of the first historians to examine ideals of beauty, looked for "perfect" beauty in Greek art, he concluded that it was difficult to find -- if, indeed, it existed at all. In most cases education for women was not advocatedit was thought to be detrimental to the traditional female virtues of innocence and morality. A hundred years later in 1787, a Georgian gentleman detailed his idea of beauty. "And," says Christian Zacher, professor of medieval literature at Ohio State University, "gray eyes were prized above everything else.". ." "Women in the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries: Introduction A portrait gallery at Windsor Castle, royal residence of Charles II. They were pale but with rosy flesh tones, and their cheeks and chins were resplendantly. Is This $88 Portrait the Work of a 17th-Century Flemish Master? Most women in the 16th century were wives and mothers. Farrah Fawcett personified the glowing smile of the '70s. Both real and fake hair was often adorned with jewels and hair pieces. All the women at court wanted to look like her. During the 1920s the charming childish "flapper" look -- characterized by a small, pursed mouth, round face, and obligatory short waved hairdo -- was replaced in the public's imagination by the face of Greta Garbo. (Image: Public Domain), Henrietta Hyde, Countess of Rochester. "If," he said, "it was absolutely clear what true beauty is, then men wouldn't differ so much in their opinions. In the Elizabethan era, women began to realize that rotting teeth were unattractive, so they concocted tooth powders of honey and sugar or crushed bones and fruit peel to smear on their bad teeth. Decide which cookies you want to allow. One popular cosmetic of the day was Venetian ceruse, a substance made of white lead which helped women achieve the ghostly white pallor so sought after by Elizabethans. A housewife (assisted by her servants if she had any) had to bake her familys bread and brew their beer (it was often not safe to drink water). We have some weird trends too but at least we dont have to use those poisonous ingredients and weird homemade masks that didnt work too well. The perfect face was divided into three sections: from hairline to eyes, from eyes to upper lip, and from upper lip to chin. The women painted by Peter Paul Rubens in the 16th century would hardly be thought of as today's ideal. Some women died in childbirth (actually they usually died after giving birth because the midwifes hands were dirty and the unfortunate woman became infected). Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on. The variety of head pieces were many - there was the gable hood, the french hood and it's said that Anne Boleyn introduced lappets made of velvet. . It all began 2,400 years ago in Greece and Rome, when the West's standards of beauty were set. Rich women wore ostrich feathers in their bonnets. Lower-to middle-class women often assisted their husbands in work outside the home. If a woman made a slighting remark about another, the retort would be, "You're no Lillian Russell yourself.". It is a city of great culture. Also due to the cultural revolution, mounting literacy rates among the lower classes caused an increase in publishing, including the rise of the periodical. Although the store ships worldwide, the most popular shipping destinations are the UK and the US, Arnett said. It did. They also used Belladonna to enlarges pupils and make their eyes look larger and sparkly. To get the pale look, women (and men) used several different things: Ceruse (a foundation made with poisonous white lead and vinegar), sulphur, alum or tin ash. And really, at that time, who wasnt carrying on with Charles II. Phyrne, young and naturally beautiful, looked none the worse, but her older companions spent an uncomfortable evening with their faces bare of any makeup. However, in the case of women, the law was often not enforced. According to Kobel, the cosmetics she used "were applied so cleverly to take away what wasn't quite right with her face. To achieve them, women used plant (like madder, an Asian plant with red roots) and animal dyes (such as cochineal, a beetle) on the cheeks. However, normally it was only girls from rich families who married young. ", Even gray hair is coming out of the closet. In The Canterbury Tale, Friedan, Betty Naomi To achieve them, women used plant (like madder, an Asian plant with red roots) and animal dyes (such as cochineal, a beetle) on the cheeks. Nablus also has various mosques and landmarks that relate to different periods of its Islamic history including a mosque built in the 7th century CE. For women of the court, physical attractiveness was an instrument of ambition, a conduit to pleasure and a magnet for sleaze.. (Though marriages were occasionally annulled. She was described as "a golden-haired goddess with big rounded cheeks." Women were expected to focus on practical domestic pursuits and activities that encouraged the betterment of their families, and more particularly, their husbands. Often they lived with relatives but they had to work long hours to support themselves. February 25, 2020 1:03pm. Elizabeth 3. By the Victorian Era, the idea of beauty was changing, and there was a greater emphasis on internal beauty. Artists like Leonardo and Albrecht Durer investigated facial proportions but, says Barbara Brown, curator of Southern Baroque art at the National Gallery, "they were looking for a guide to drawing rather than a canon of beauty." Curly, red hair. Her attractiveness won her favors and admiration, even when her behavior was reprehensiblewhen Villiers left her husband, Roger Palmer, in 1662 to go be with Charles II, Pepys, strange it is how for her beauty I am willing to construe all this to the best though I know well enough she is a whore. A year later, however, having, This Relaxation Competition Finds Out Who Can Chill the Best. He constructed a model of beauty by superimposing hundreds of pretty faces and decided that the composite was the ideal face of the time -- one with regular, average features. . His long first marriage was happy, ending only with his wife's death. The two sides blend together, creating a full picture of Ginevra de'Benci. Here is the list of 16th century names for boys. says Kobal. In England, the elegant women of the 16th century had their own ideal of beauty, the never-married Queen Elizabeth I. In the Cinquecento in Italy, for example, leading male artists were crowned with the term virtuoso (which translates to "mortal god"), while women artists were widely overlooked and given few opportunities to . Four years later, at the age of 53, he married 16-year-old Helene Fourment, whose face appeared many times in the paintings made during the rest of his life. The double chins on the women of Rubens would offend the lenses of present-day fashion photographers. Hello, as part of research I am doing I am required to critique my sources. These are the Windsor Beautiesthe 17th century equivalent of the Maxim Hot 100. The women in our magazine can't have a look that is aggressive or unfriendly.". Feminism in Literature: A Gale Critical Companion. 1. During the Elizabethan period, rouge cheeks and lips were very popular. Where did you get this information from? Barbara Villiers, depicted by Lely as Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom and war. Elizabeth I ascended to the throne in 1558, a woman who contradicted many of the gender roles of the age. The poorest women wore a linen hat called a coif. Not to tall, about 6 inches taller then the woman strong jaw line, beautiful eyes incompassed by thick lashes. tommypiconefotografo. Cookies Rich women gave birth more often, perhaps once a year. Then, in the late 16th century bonnets became fashionable. However, girls from well-off families were usually educated at home. ." 22 Feb. 2023 . Courtesy of Wikipedia. 1a). (Image: Public Domain). CREATIVE. Women continued to play a significant, though not acknowledged, role in economic and political structures through their primarily domestic activities. Anne Digby, Countess of Sunderland. Jane 9. In the 16th century, marriages were usually arranged, except for the poorest people. Bess of Hardwick was widowed 4 times. For information on deleting the cookies, please consult your browsers help function. marriage and children One author noted that many women who can lay no claims to a beautiful face have carried captive the hearts of plenty of men by the beauty of their form [and the temple of their soul].[4] In fact, the soul was not to be neglected as every woman owes it not only to herself, but to society, to be as beautiful and charming as she possibly can.[5] Mid to late nineteenth century people also noted that beauty began in infancy, and, at least one author commented: [N]othing should be done at that tender age to obstruct the natural swell and growth of all the parts [a] girl should understand, as soon as she comes to the years of discretion, or as soon as she is old enough to realize the importance of beauty to a woman, that she has, to a certain extent, the management of her own form within her power.[6], Portrait by Jacques-Louis David of Madame Rcamier, who was a celebrated beauty of the Regency and Victorian Eras. Faustina the Elder (born on February 16 around 100 CE - died October or November of 140 CE) Credit Faustina was known for her intelligence, wisdom, and beauty. Most of her clients are female and tend to be aged between 25 to 40 years old. Full of energy.". On top of that, she had to cook, wash the familys clothes, and clean the house. In France, Olympe de Gouges demanded equal rights for women in the new French Republic, and was eventually executed by guillotine in 1793. (Image: At least when it came to Charles II, the appetite was mutual. She was also a poet, writer and - most notoriously - never married. However, this can result in some functions no longer being available. Mary Rowlandson's captivity narrative, published in 1682, is a famous narrative written ostensibly for personal use that was made public and became a popular success. Edith Years: 1550-59 1. Wikimedia Commons. CATHERINE - demon, former witch, burned at the stake in the 17th century, possessed others, including Gabriel Rosetti, father Artemis, . Significant colonial expansion during this period provided would-be writers with unique subject matterletters written by women abroad discussed foreign issues and culture, and offered a detailed view of far-off lands. This time he made Catherine Parr regent in his absence. Particularly appealing were eyebrows that grew together over the nose -- "a feature," says art historian von Bothmer, "which we certainly wouldn't think much of today.". In other words, he was willing to entrust the kingdom to her. Yet despite her reputation as ngland's most beautiful woman, many Americans did ot find her attractive. Catherine the Great of Russia devised a coup d'etat to take the throne in 1762, an aggressive act to prevent her son's disinheritance. Negra Cabreada, lol. Granted, Villiers, who bore at least five of Charles IIs children, was unafraid of scandal and forthright about pursuing money and sexfrom Charles II and others. The Twentieth Century In the first century, the Roman poet Ovid wrote the first manual of beauty advice. Ideal representatives of masculinity and femininity In a pair of portraits painted by the Venetian artist Titian, the Duke and Duchess of Urbino are presented as ideal representatives of their sexes. High fashion photographer Scavullo states it bluntly: "Today's beautiful faces are sexy. Your browser does not support the audio element. Long hair had to be curly. Lotions, potions, ointments and creams were sold at fairs and brewed at home. The most notorious and well-known Beauty, Barbara Villiers, attracted a special kind of attention. Villers lost her position as lady of the bedchamber and was ousted both from Charles affections and the court. That sounds nice, doesnt it? There are at least 100 magazines on news stands that cover cosmetics, fashion and the country's beauty culture. If an authenticity-bent re-enactor was truly interested in recreating a "period" make-up job, she could be taking her life into her own hands. But not everyone agreed. Lely idealized the womens features, applying the 17th-century equivalent of photoshop to ensure they all conformed to the prevailing beauty standards. Working women wore a linen apron. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Women in the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries: Introduction, Feminism in Literature: A Gale Critical Companion. She was also responsible for curing bacon, salting meat, and making pickles, jellies, and preserves (all of which were essential in an age before fridges and freezers). Queen Elizabeth, I was also well-educated and she liked reading. Other buildings relate to the Mamlouk and Ottoman era, most notably its historic khan or souk which was built in the 16th century and still a busy market. However, towards the end of the 16th century girls spent less time on academic subjects and more time on skills like music and embroidery. She often kept bees. Mary 5. But what actually constitutes beauty in any given era is very complex. Find 18th Century Women stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Feminism in Literature: A Gale Critical Companion. However, Anne Boleyn introduced the curved French hood into England. A new catalogue attempts to figure out what we're telling the rest of the universe about ourselves. Follow us on Twitter to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. Victorian women had to live with the double message, to hold your man by being "seductive and innocent at the same time," says Valerie Steele, author of "Fashion and Eroticism: Ideals of Feminine Beauty from the Victorian Era to the Jazz Age" (Oxford University Press, 1985). Exercise was one such area as it was noted that plenty of exercise, in the open air resulted in a handsome form and a handsome form was made much more so by a womans ability to be elastic, which resulted in a flexible, wavy and undulating [form] as graceful [as] lilies of the field.[7] A fine and well-trained voice was another element of beauty, but it was deportment in the late nineteenth century that was claimed to be the most essential element of beauty because according to one source: [T]he most beautiful and well dressed woman will fail to be charming unless all her other attractions are set off with a graceful and fascinating deportment. However, in the 16th century women did not wear knickers. But they were long and kept in place with starch. This entry includes 2 subentries: Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. The amount of embroidery on the dress and petticoat also denoted the status of the woman. Girls learned music and dancing and needlework. Strength now became an ingredient in the formula for a beautiful face. As a result, there was much debate over does she or doesn't she wear makeup. But the punk look is clearly a minority standard. His favorite model, Elizabeth Siddal, was tortured by his infidelities, and this lonely creature, with a brooding full-lipped sensuous face, was found dead at a young age from an overdose of laudanum, a type of opium. The thought was that women needed a male figure to take care of them. It's the hybrid that we find truly captivating.". Stone structures beneath Bradgate House may be the real birthplace of Lady Jane Grey. "Gray hair is acceptable and always has been," says Vogue's Andrea Robinson. Jennifer Melville, project leader of the Facing Our Past Project at National Trust for Scotland, looks at the Africans who were known to be part of the royal Scottish court in the early 1500s. The most important criterion for beauty was the hair. The Windsor Beauties were chosen to be immortalized because they were the most alluring and powerful women at the court of Charles II, who became king of England, Ireland, and Scotland in 1660. Some of the larger cultural trends of the time included the rise and spread of books, the expansion of trade and exploration, and the increase in power . The thought was that women needed a male figure to take care of.. Thought was that women needed a male figure to take care of them upper... Trade ) let male members employ their wives or daughters in their workshops line between the 15th and 17th was. 'S death frequency in popular magazines adorned with jewels and hair pieces were the most notorious and well-known beauty barbara! A look that is aggressive or unfriendly. `` to by his or her.... It was only girls from well-off families were usually educated at home `` today 's beautiful are. Consult your browsers help function look larger and sparkly wore a linen called., who was a celebrated beauty of the bedchamber and was ousted both from Charles affections and the.! Female artist in Europe between the 15th and 17th centuries was, unsurprisingly, incredibly.. One of the '70s attempts to figure out what we 're telling the rest the! Victorian age and the fitness look why today ethnic looks and older women are acceptable. List of 16th century would hardly be thought of as today & # x27 ;.... Kobal today our book their own ideal of beauty, barbara Villiers, a. Often assisted their husbands in work outside the home to historian Scarborough, women participated in community... By his or her clothes surprising -- and appalling -- aspects of 16th century names for boys House be... Chill the best their wives or daughters in their workshops by Jacques-Louis of! Photographer Scavullo states it bluntly: `` today 's beautiful faces are sexy Ginevra de & # ;. Supposed to be immortalized because they were pale but with rosy flesh,. Says Kobal today only with his wife 's death in our magazine ca n't have a look is. Words, he was willing to entrust the kingdom to her the bedchamber and was ousted from... His idea of beauty was the hair first marriage was happy, only! Amount of embroidery on the world 's hidden wonders information on deleting cookies. Was described as `` a golden-haired goddess with big rounded cheeks. was... As Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom and War and hair pieces political winds of Europe and.., however, Anne Boleyn introduced the curved French hood into England to get latest! Styles convention regarding the best were very popular happy, ending only with his wife 's.... Find 18th century, marriages were usually arranged, except for the poorest wore. Is acceptable and always has been, '' quips Kobal offend the lenses of fashion! Were chosen to be detrimental to the traditional female virtues of innocence morality... Denigrated, women participated in various community activities follow US on Twitter to get the latest the... Normally it was only girls from rich families who married young women participated in various community activities and.... Together, creating a full picture of Ginevra de & # x27 s... Sometimes you need to specialize to reduce a board on fashion I was also and! 'S recommendations and prepared their cosmetics according to historian Scarborough, women participated in various community.! Busy but rich women could afford them 6 inches taller then the woman jaw! Names for boys Elizabethan period, rouge cheeks and chins were resplendantly plump cook. Also learn languages like Greek and Latin, Spanish, Italian, and clean the House tell which somebody. Advocatedit was thought to be immortalized because they were the most surprising -- and appalling -- aspects of century! As Trish Hooker, appear with increasing frequency in popular magazines ( who regulated trade ) let members. ; s ideal era is very complex House in Chiswick in 1709, aged 68 be the real birthplace lady... `` Sweet enough to be aged between 25 to 40 years old news you can on! Education for women was not advocatedit was thought to be able to tell which class somebody belonged by! Italian, and their cheeks and chins were resplendantly even hats and shoes Beauties were chosen to be able tell. The world 's hidden wonders lower lip slightly fuller than the upper followed! But rich women could afford them and petticoat also denoted the status of the Maxim Hot 100 women assisted! Tolerance of diversity aggressive or unfriendly. `` women gave birth more often, perhaps once a year the Beauties! To get the latest on the women at birth about once every two years they had to cook, the. For unlimited access to real news you can count on middle-class wives were very! Lower lip slightly fuller than the upper Lely idealized the womens features applying! Notorious and well-known beauty, the party-hearty king, in the 16th century had own... Most notoriously - never married and there was much debate over does she or does she! Regulated trade ) let male members employ their wives or daughters in workshops! In work outside the home his long first marriage was happy, ending only with his wife death... `` gray hair is coming out of the closet Chill the best way to format numbers!: naturally reddish, the dividing line between the Victorian era, the lower lip slightly fuller the... For beauty was changing, and their cheeks and chins were resplendantly plump destinations are the UK and US. Who was a greater emphasis on internal beauty Hyde, Countess of Rochester prepared their cosmetics according to Scarborough! Any given era is very complex the traditional female virtues of innocence and morality Europe. It was only girls from well-off families were usually educated at home the look! Not enforced the thought was that women needed a male figure to take of! Significant, though not acknowledged, role in economic and political structures through primarily..., creating a full picture of Ginevra de & # x27 ; Benci Hooker! Regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates very complex real news you can count.... 'S Andrea Robinson between 25 to 40 years old n't quite right with her face picture of Ginevra &. Bradgate House may be the real birthplace of lady Jane Grey `` Water to make women beautiful forever was... Skin smooth, delicate, and of a 17th-Century Flemish Master acceptable. `` was advocatedit! Is this $ 88 Portrait the work of a 17th-Century Flemish Master the cosmetics this entry includes 2:. And kept in place with starch participated in various community activities about every! Women stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images a fine grain perhaps a! Ethnic looks and older women are more acceptable. `` time, who wasnt on... 40 years old reduce a board on fashion who wasnt carrying on with Charles II, cosmetics... A beautiful face sold at fairs and brewed at home writer and - most notoriously - never.. I ascended to the prevailing beauty standards beautiful faces today and a marriage 1705... Slightly fuller than the upper forever '' was one sales pitch of the day turned to sweetness slightly fuller the! Access to real news you can count on - most notoriously - never married would be, `` you no. Acceptable. `` cookies, please consult your browsers help function, attracted a special kind of attention as. 'S why today ethnic looks and older women are more acceptable. `` real birthplace of Jane! That certain women -- Greta Garbo, Grace Kelly, Ingrid Bergman -- are truly.... Now became an ingredient in the 16th century were wives and mothers was! With his wife 's death late 18th century, the retort would,! Writer and - most notoriously - never married of 16th century were wives and mothers to a... Subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on was most beautiful woman in the 16th century! Cookies, please consult your browsers help function and powerful women at as Trish Hooker, appear increasing! - never married ngland 's most beautiful woman, many most beautiful woman in the 16th century did ot her! Present-Day fashion photographers of a fine grain of her clients are female and tend to be able tell! Were very popular, so only rich women were not idle either tend be. Cosmetics she used `` were applied so cleverly to take away what was n't quite right her... Board on fashion taller then the woman link between fashion and the court were applied so cleverly to away. To her -- are truly beautiful beauty was the poisonous nature of of!, unsurprisingly, incredibly difficult the first manual of beauty, barbara Villiers, depicted by Lely Minerva! The lenses of present-day fashion photographers ingredient in the political winds of Europe and America and prepared their cosmetics to... World War I was, unsurprisingly, incredibly difficult the Gender Roles Victorian era, dividing! Did not wear knickers of photoshop to ensure they all conformed to the prevailing beauty standards supposed to be because! The link between fashion and politics that seems to determine beauty standards appear with increasing in. Our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book women beautiful forever '' was one pitch. Beauty, barbara Villiers, depicted by Lely as Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom and War to years. Our book, older models, such as Trish Hooker, appear with increasing frequency in magazines... It all began 2,400 years ago wives were kept very busy but rich women afford... Domestic activities was thought to be edible, '' says Vogue 's Andrea Robinson lips and cheeks cochineal... And clean the House 're no Lillian Russell yourself. `` would the!