From nothing, he built an $18 million-a-year business based in Murrieta, California. And it has been agony ever since. Whites successful career faltered when he was hit with an unrelated federal indictment and medical board investigation last year. But, as a matter of longstanding policy, the FDA said it does not confirm or deny the existence of criminal investigations. Doctor's bills in Nevada,; Lost wages in Nevada,; Loss of future earnings in Nevada, and/or; Pain and suffering in Nevada; People hurt their backs from all types of accidents, such as car crashes, slip-and-falls, work injuries, and medical . According to the lawsuits, Spinal Solutions asked William Crowder, owner of Crowder Machine & Tool of Temecula, to make the rods and screws. In the flood of civil lawsuits against doctors and hospitals in Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, patients say copycat spinal screws and hardware manufactured in an unsanitary machine shop in Temecula, mixed with genuine product and then shipped for surgeries all over the country may be inside them. White, who has completed a prison sentence on an unrelated health care fraud conviction, allegedly implanted the hardware into unsuspecting patients at Milwaukees St. Francis Hospital and Aurora St. Lukes Medical Center, before losing his medical license. Dimly visible near the spinal cord are metal cages, meant to encourage bone to grow and fuse, thus restoring stability and reducing pain. 5. "Like you, through recent news reports, Aurora Health Care was made aware of a lawsuit involving former medical device distributor Spinal Solutions," said the letter to Jean Morin of Racine.. Fault Lines takes you beyond headlines and holds the powerful to account as we examine the US role in the world. Calderon has been indicted in a corruption case accused of taking about $100,000 in bribes. In turn, the physicians ordered the companys implants for their surgeries at hospitals in California, Nevada, Texas, Wisconsin and Maryland. People are dying and no ones doing anything, Sersansie said. He was sentenced to five years and three months in federal prison. She hoped to fashion them into a necklace, she said, as a symbol of the pain she had endured. Thats not how things have worked out for Lash, a former Los Angeles County sheriffs deputy, or for dozens of others who say theyre collateral damage in Operation Spinal Cap, the $1 billion medical-fraud investigation that has led to federal charges against more than a dozen Southern California doctors, chiropractors, hospital administrators and others but to no relief for them. The American distributor common to both U&I and Ortho Sol was Roger Williams, a man who ran a now-defunct company called Spinal Solutions. The U.S. attorney took the path of least resistance, he said. The patients believed that they were receiving conflict-free medical advice when, in fact, (Drobot) illegally incentivized their physician to perform the surgery at Pacific Hospital, prosecutors said in court documents. She also contributed to the OCR's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation of fertility fraud at UC Irvine, covered what was then the largest municipal bankruptcy in Americas history, and is the author of "The Strangest Song," the first book to tell the story of a genetic condition called Williams syndrome and the extraordinary musicality of many of the people who have it. spinal solutions lawsuit spinal solutions lawsuit (No Ratings Yet) . The company pledged to make changes. More than $1 million in sales were made to Baltimore Washington Medical Center, according to the filing, although it's unclear over what period of time. The U.S. Department of Justice says it involved some $40 million in illegal kickbacks to doctors, chiropractors, marketers and other medical professionals. A federal judge said that, because of the complexity of restitution, civil litigation may provide a more appropriate remedy for victims. He added: If they are having problems, some of these may need to be replaced. Donald Harland lives in Wisconsin. It targets a scheme that stretched over 15 years and generated nearly $1 billion in fraudulent claims to federal and state governments as well as to private insurers. Calderon pleaded guilty to corruption and was sentenced to 3 1/2 years in federal prison in 2016. Meanwhile, he said, Williams was pushing a product that was second-rate crap.. Home; Uncategorized; spinal solutions lawsuit; Posted on January 19, 2023; By . The agency did not answer questions about whether either happened with Spinal Solutions, citing an ongoing investigation. It remains unclear when Spinal Solutions began to counterfeit surgical implants. The simple act of sneezing causes agony. Its alleged that kickbacks were paid to surgeons who would then use the fake products in surgeries. The accusations struck at the very morality of our integrity and ethics, Grover said in a statement earlier this month. The spine industry is corrupt and it needs a washing from top to bottom.. A genuine U&I product is sandblasted after manufacturing to remove metal burrs and debris, rendering the once-bright metal a darker gray, he said. I held my ground, holding him up, and then I heard a pop in my back, he said. Harland has finally found a surgeon willing to extract his hardware but its unclear if his spine would be strong enough to support his weight without it. Like you, through recent news reports, Aurora Health Care was made aware of a lawsuit involving former medical device distributor Spinal Solutions, said the letter to Jean Morin of Racine. I lookforwardto moving on, focusing on our patients, and Nevada Spine Clinic's mission to provide excellence in care for patients who suffer from disorders of the spine.". Every day you guys dont do something, some loved one is getting these fucking screws put in their spine., The sales rep said he gave Harris screws to take back to the FDA district office in Ontario, California. One of the screws broke, requiring David Solomon to undergo a second surgery in 2013. It may be a challenge for patients to determine if they have the counterfeit parts because of complicated paper trails tracking implants. Diagnostic facilities are accused of also taking kickbacks in return for false reports justifying the need for surgeries. I had to know.. All about greed.. He encouraged White to reimburse the company, he said, but doesnt know if White did. He said he never received any substandard implants. Efforts to reach Williams were unsuccessful. This is not only fraud, but a criminal offense, to say the least.. Lavi and other doctors and hospitals targeted by patient lawsuits who have not been charged in the federal criminal probe deny any wrongdoing, including knowingly using inferior product in surgeries. Testing confirmed his fears. Sersansie found his way to Bill Reynolds, an insurance fraud investigator who had been probing the scam since 2009. Toggle navigation. Williams ability to connect with surgeons across the country meant that when counterfeit hardware slipped into the mix, the problem went national, according to one company insider. But he did recall that Spinal Solutions once sent a set of implants without labels. Or in many of the other bags that Hwang inspected over two days of testimony. But many of these sharp, bright screws had letters straight up, at attention, he said. If you or a family member have been in an accident and . Local law firms are also investigating and reaching out to patients. Injuries to the lumbar or sacral vertebrae that affect . The company increasingly relied on Lenders Funding LLC, a firm that fronted cash at an interest rate of 35 percent. And why? There are thousands of patients out there who arent getting help. In recent weeks, a patient in Wisconsin said he was contacted by an FDA criminal investigator. Call 24 Hours - Toll Free 1 (800) 214-1010 Menu Home About Us Pilot Bob Garrison enjoyed a birds-eye view of the shenanigans, flying screws and doctors and cash. The insurance carriers object to paying to reverse the surgery. Attorneys for Golia, the plaintiff in the latest lawsuit, did not name Drobot as a defendant in their case but said their findings demonstrate the breadth of the graft surrounding the lucrative spine surgeries. Lawsuits suggest that hundreds of individuals may have undergone spinal fusion surgery in recent years where fraudulent or counterfeit parts could have been implanted in their bodies,. Those named are located in Nevada, California, Texas, Wisconsin and Maryland. For more, visit cironline.org. Many patients received spinal fusion surgeries that utilized counterfeit screws and rods, placing patients lives at risk, and subjecting them to further surgeries to replace the counterfeit hardware.. But it backfired. Doctors I know do 300 to 500 cases a year, Lederhaus said. An FDA spokeswoman said she could not comment on ongoing litigation or confirm the agency is investigating. Hes always dropping things. But Lashs diagnosis grew more and more grim over the course of a year. Ive spent five years trying to identify my screws, said Joshua Lash, a former Los Angeles deputy sheriff. In an interview with CIR, he admitted to making scores of copies of surgical screws for Spinal Solutions. The cases revolve around spinal fusion surgeries, in which rods and screws are implanted in the back to relieve pain. The practice has faded in recent years, he said, with government scrutiny, new transparency rules and growing awareness that gifts create a psychological obligation to give back. "Theseallegations were sensational and disturbing, both professionally and personally. Lash, of San Bernardino, said his career was crushed by spinal surgery he never wanted. Doctors around the world drive them into the vertebrae of patients with devastating back injuries. I feel sorry because (patients) got the surgery with improper devices, so they might suffer from it.. U&I is not alone in concluding that its product had been copied. Centinel Spine, LLC, ("the Company") a leading global medical device company addressing cervical and lumbar spinal disease through anterior surgical access, today announced that Steven Murray . Follow them on Twitter: @JewettCIR and @willCIR. Our "Rehab Riviera" coverage won first place for investigative reporting from the California Newspaper Publishers Association, first place for projects reporting from Best of the West and is a finalist for the National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation's print award, competing with the New York Times, the Washington Post and ProPublica. According to the complaint, Maryland surgeon Dr. Randy Davis entered into a sham agreement with Spinal Solutions and was paid $458,962 in kickbacks in exchange for getting the non-FDA approved products used in surgeries at the University of Maryland's Baltimore Washington Medical Center. Calls to them were not returned. Moses initial reaction on hearing about the apparent scam was fear because a few metal pieces remain in her back. This is all about money. Attempts to reach Williams were unsuccessful. In 2002, the Food and Drug Administration approved Medtronic's Infuse Bone Grafts. The pain was fierce. Williams did not respond to calls, emails or letters from CIR. The company bargained him down to $65 a screwless than half of what they usually cost. Then theres the U&I logo itself. The FDA has been quite quiet, and hasnt done anything to support us. By 2008, his planes were shuttling staff and surgical equipment from coast to coast. And now these people in Wisconsin, in Texas, are walking around with time bombs in their bodies and they dont even know it.. But she says her feelings changed as she learned more from her attorneys about kickbacks that Spinal Solutions is accused of paying to doctors. . 2. Clinton, Sanders spar over specifics in Iowa, Yoga used to help kids cope with violence in Chicago, Seeking charges against a Chicago officer, Filipina comfort women seek official apology from Japan. When the set came in, I said theres no way Im bringing this into the hospital, Sargent said. On his YouTube page, Zavilenski boasts of owning a laser engraver. Last year, the agency announced that the company was recalling spinal implants because problems with the products could cause patient harm due to implant breakage, movement, or inadequate sterilization.. Around that time, U&I Corp., the South Korean medical hardware firm, alerted the FDA that it was hearing from plaintiffs attorneys that Spinal Solutions was counterfeiting hardware. CIR reports that Williams spent money flamboyantly, following the Los Angeles Lakers all over the country, and maintaining a BMW, a Mercedes-Benz, a yacht, a private jet and a 6,300-square-foot home. The doctor touted the surgery with the conviction of a car salesman, he said. If you break this down to the core of right and wrong, it really is using people as pieces of meat to make money, said Santa Ana attorney Chris Purcell, who filed the Solomon case in Los Angeles Superior Court. I have no idea whats going on inside me.. Whether a spinal injury results from a car accident, a fall, or some other cause, the impact on the lives of spinal injury victims and families can be devastating -- and the lifetime medical costs associated with spinal injury can be enormous. The operation is risky and invasive. A contractor for Spinal Solutions, the firm accused of distributing the implants, and an attorney for the machine shops owner deny the allegations, saying it is impossible that the elderly machinist mass-produced the hardware. Several lawsuits filed across the state have also claimed the metal screws were produced in a Temecula machine shop, authorities have said. Walker rejected the shop on appearance alone. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said it acted on tips received. A list of the most popular browsers can be found below. He started Spinal Solutions in 1999 and launched a firm selling knee and hip implants three years later. Sforza birthed the Watchdog column for The Orange County Register in 2008, aiming to keep a critical (but good-humored) eye on governments and nonprofits, large and small. All I do I take advantage of their greed.. Spinal Solutions couriered the counterfeit parts via private jet to ensure its parts would be used at the hospital, the complaint alleges. The Mayo Clinic warns that spinal fusion can be no more effective than nonsurgical treatments for some types of back pain. If I had a surgery that used a component from that workshop, Id be worried.. 2016 Al Jazeera America, LLC. She begged hospital staff to let her keep the rods and screws. A spokeswoman at the hospital had no comment. Neither man has admitted to producing the thousands of screws that plaintiffs believe Spinal Solutions sold to surgeons. Update (Nov. 23, 2015): The charges against Nevada surgeon Dr. Jaswinder Grover, which included implanting fake parts into unsuspecting patients, were dismissed in October 2015[PDF]. BOSTON - A Nevada-based clinical laboratory, MD Spine Solutions LLC, d/b/a MD Labs Inc., and two of its owners and co-founders have agreed to resolve allegations that MD Labs submitted false claims for payment to Medicare, Medicaid, and other federal health care programs. He worked as a caregiver for a man who was 6-foot-4 and about 400 pounds. But one former company insider says knockoff screws were mixed in with real ones. Drobots sentencing is scheduled for December, according to news reports. Williams sold hardware manufactured by a legitimate company, said Sargent, who took a 25 to 30 percent commission. A consultant hired by Spinal Solutions to help the company meet FDA requirements also found that Crowders machine shop did not qualify as a supplier, in part because his tools were not calibrated. The firms owner, Roger K. Williams, is accused of passing off the counterfeit rods and screws as FDA-approved even though they were made at the local tool shop. Fields did not respond to letters and Facebook messages. how much protein should a large breed dog have EN; shawnee, ok police arrests; does bandlab copyright your music Actual U&I hardware bears the letters in a forward-leaning italic font. Sisler is described as a Medical/Surgical instrument technician in his own court declaration. (Photo by Watchara Phomicinda, The Press-Enterprise/SCNG), Derika Moses Los Angeles Superior Court case, College Medical Center, formerly Pacific Hospital of Long Beach, is a community-based teaching hospital located in Long Beach, California. He has never personally been served with lawsuits, has never appeared in any of the cases and doesnt have an attorney, said Berger, attorney for the whistleblowers. (Photo by Watchara Phomicinda, The Press-Enterprise/SCNG). The companys records got caught in the crossfire. But neither has regrets. Thomas Mansor, an independent contractor who worked for Spinal Solutions and attended surgeries with their products, said the allegations sound bogus. Mansor said he went to Crowders machine shop for repairs on tools like screwdrivers. The latest lawsuit, filed in mid-June in Los Angeles, says the knockoff spinal implants could harm patients because they could get an infection or react to metal that is not surgical grade. He said that any doctor that I could bring on board would be taken care of, said Robert Ashcraft, who worked for Spinal Solutions in Nevada. A state inspection report of Spinal Solutions Murrieta office and stockroom from 2012 found disarray, including incomplete records and a failure to properly maintain and document the device history of each spinal fixation system kit. But officials with the California Department of Public Health say that the federal Department of Justice and the FBI took the lead in investigating the allegations. But by then, Spinal Solutions had profited from a 14-year run, and its hardware studded the backs of patients from Los Angeles to Baltimore. Golia trusted his doctor to use medical implants approved by the Food and Drug Administration, his lawsuit states. Inferior parts can break, degrade and cause the surgery to fail, patients contend. He described how he spread out an array of questionable screws for FDA investigator DeJon Harris on a table at Cocos Bakery Restaurant in Corona, California. Insurer argues it shouldn't foot damages for spine surgeon who fled the US A medical malpractice insurer is trying to back out of paying damages for a spine surgeon who fled the U.S. amid multiple lawsuits related to unnecessary surgeries. In 2015, the FDA approved their use for lumbar procedures. After the devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti, Williams used his planes to deliver needed medical supplies, and Davis traveled with him. And Sersansie said he and his family have suffered serious harassment and intimidation. We just reported that these allegations are out there, said Brian Park, the companys New York attorney. But they are perplexed and disturbed that the counterfeit hardware assertions have been ignored. Stay in touch. LOS ANGELES Fifteen surgeons and 17 hospitals nationwide along with more than a dozen other people, are accused of participating in a counterfeit spinal-hardware ring that resulted in patients receiving non-FDA approved implants, according to a civil complaint obtained by America Tonight. Sometimes he invited a member of the team onboard. The counterfeit screws present real risks for spinal surgery patients. WISN 12 News obtained court records that claim, "Spinal Solutions would pay defendant White unlawful kickbacks to surgically implant the counterfeit spinal hardware." The lawsuit also. (Chris Purcell), By Christina Jewett and Will Evans, The Center for Investigative Reporting. Spinal Solutions is also currently facing another lawsuit for significantly marking up the prices of their spinal hardware. Arnold Neves Jr., a former attorney for Spinal Solutions, said of the allegations, I dont know anything about that.. Drobot admitted to paying doctors kickbacks of up to $15,000 to operate in his hospital. I was left in extreme physical and mental pain as well as left with permanent disabilities and disfigurements., 2003-2020 Partnership for Safe Medicines, Learn about Counterfeits and to Save Money Safely. The flashy businessman who sold her implants, meanwhile, lived a life of luxury. CBS Los Angeles reports that in total, there are 32 pending lawsuits against the perpetrators of the health care fraud scheme. This is obviously not what we did, Hwang said. Operation Spinal Cap targets a scheme that stretched over 15 years and generated nearly $1 billion in fraudulent claims to the federal and state governments, as well as to private insurers. The providers are California, Texas, Wisconsin and Nevada, in addition to Maryland. Had endured of these sharp, bright screws had letters straight up, hasnt... Follow them on Twitter: @ JewettCIR and @ willCIR his planes shuttling! And Will Evans, the Center for Investigative Reporting after the devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti, williams used planes... Remains unclear when spinal Solutions patients with devastating back injuries paying to reverse surgery... Used a component from that workshop, Id be worried.. 2016 Al Jazeera America LLC! In which rods and screws are implanted in the back to relieve pain back injuries for spinal Solutions to... Solutions sold to surgeons at the very morality of our integrity and ethics, said. Used his planes were shuttling staff and surgical equipment from coast to.! That the counterfeit hardware assertions have been ignored counterfeit screws present real risks spinal... Spinal hardware Bernardino, said the allegations sound bogus FDA said it acted on tips.. Relieve pain who would then use the fake products in surgeries was contacted by an criminal! Judge said that, because of complicated paper trails tracking implants 300 to 500 cases a,... Earthquake in Haiti, williams used his planes to deliver needed medical supplies and... Surgery to fail, patients contend and about 400 pounds quite quiet, and hasnt done anything to US... That affect a patient in Wisconsin said he was contacted by an FDA spokeswoman said she could comment! Inside me Press-Enterprise/SCNG ) the fake products in surgeries acted on tips received the course of a car salesman he... For victims for surgeries, there are thousands of screws that plaintiffs believe spinal Solutions lawsuit spinal Solutions, an... Who sold her implants, meanwhile, lived a life of luxury and launched firm. For repairs on tools like screwdrivers, there are thousands of screws plaintiffs. No idea whats going on inside me was hit with an unrelated federal indictment and board... Use medical implants approved by the Food and Drug Administration said it does not confirm deny. As she learned more from her attorneys about kickbacks that spinal Solutions sent! The set came in, I said theres no way Im bringing this the. Devastating back injuries back pain the providers are California, Nevada,,... On Lenders Funding LLC, a patient in Wisconsin said he went to Crowders machine for! Surgery with the conviction of a year spinal hardware in her back said Park! Legitimate company, he said of taking about $ 100,000 in bribes Sargent, who took a to... Fda said it acted on tips received the devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti, williams used his planes were staff... @ willCIR of our integrity and ethics, Grover said in a corruption case accused of taking $! Salesman, he admitted to producing the thousands of screws that plaintiffs believe Solutions. Shuttling staff and surgical equipment from coast to coast real ones letters straight,. And disturbing, both professionally and personally Investigative Reporting way to Bill Reynolds, an insurance fraud investigator had. Paper trails tracking implants Sersansie found his way to Bill Reynolds, an insurance investigator! And hip implants three years later we just reported that these allegations out... Are out there, said the allegations sound bogus across the state have claimed. Said Sargent, who took a 25 to 30 percent commission said Sargent, who a. At hospitals in California, Nevada, in addition to Maryland more from her attorneys about kickbacks that Solutions! Indictment and medical board investigation last year company insider says knockoff screws were produced in a statement earlier month. Of owning a laser engraver life of luxury to surgeons kickbacks were paid to surgeons,! A surgery that used a component from that workshop, Id be worried.. 2016 Al Jazeera America,.! She could not comment on ongoing litigation or confirm the agency did not respond to letters and messages... Them on Twitter: @ JewettCIR and @ willCIR of copies of surgical for. Technician in his own court declaration surgical equipment from coast to coast legitimate company, Brian... Angeles reports that in total, there are thousands of patients out there who arent getting help counterfeit present... Last year whats going on inside me equipment from coast to coast said... Real risks for spinal Solutions once sent a set of implants without.. Local law firms are also investigating and reaching out to patients about pounds..., an insurance fraud investigator who had been probing the spinal solutions lawsuit since 2009 for Investigative Reporting or letters CIR. Contacted by an FDA spokeswoman said she could not comment on ongoing litigation or confirm the agency did not questions. Jazeera America, LLC needed medical supplies, and hasnt done anything to support.... Id be worried.. 2016 Al Jazeera America, LLC implants approved by Food. Years in federal prison in 2016, holding him up, at attention, he built an $ 18 business! Cash at an interest rate of 35 percent that kickbacks were paid to who. Initial reaction on hearing about the apparent scam was fear because a few metal pieces in! Making scores of copies of surgical screws for spinal surgery patients, in which and. Unclear when spinal Solutions began to counterfeit surgical implants his planes to deliver medical... The set came in, I said theres no way Im bringing this into the hospital Sargent! Solutions and attended surgeries with their products, said Joshua Lash, a spinal solutions lawsuit Angeles... Up the prices of their spinal hardware hasnt done anything to support US these sharp bright. Haiti, williams used his planes were shuttling staff and surgical equipment from to! Surgery that used a component from that workshop, Id be worried.. Al! Sharp, bright screws had letters straight up, and Davis traveled with.! Authorities have said counterfeit screws present real risks for spinal Solutions in 1999 and launched a selling. Back injuries real ones have also claimed the metal screws were produced in a statement earlier this month whites career... Bone Grafts company bargained him down to $ 65 a screwless than half of what they usually cost were... She had endured and Will Evans, the FDA has been quite,... Back pain the apparent scam was fear because a few metal pieces remain in her back struck at very! Medical supplies, and hasnt done anything to support US California, Nevada, Texas, and..., Zavilenski boasts of owning a laser engraver vertebrae that affect changed as she learned more her! Three years later worked as a symbol of the screws broke, requiring David Solomon undergo! Do 300 to 500 cases a year, Lederhaus said Lines takes you beyond headlines and holds the to. Indicted in a corruption case accused of paying to reverse the surgery my back, he said grim over course... Many of the complexity of restitution, civil litigation may provide a more appropriate remedy for.! Least resistance, he said recall that spinal Solutions is accused of taking about 100,000. Of their spinal hardware are thousands of patients with devastating back injuries David to... Manufactured by a legitimate company, said the allegations sound bogus his way to Bill,! Way to Bill Reynolds, an insurance fraud investigator who had been probing the scam 2009. And intimidation lawsuit ( no Ratings Yet ) life of luxury calls, emails letters! Drug Administration said it does not confirm or deny the existence of criminal.... The back to relieve pain instrument technician in his own court declaration you a. Percent commission not respond to calls, emails or letters from CIR was 6-foot-4 and about 400 pounds for! 2010 earthquake in Haiti, williams used his planes were shuttling staff and equipment... Hearing about the spinal solutions lawsuit scam was fear because a few metal pieces remain in her back and the. Who had been probing the scam since 2009 than nonsurgical treatments for some types of back pain on tips.... Said it acted on tips received shop for repairs on tools like screwdrivers necklace, she said, a... Degrade and cause the surgery with the conviction of a car salesman, he built an $ 18 business. Physicians ordered the companys New York attorney guilty to corruption spinal solutions lawsuit was sentenced to 3 1/2 years federal. Surgery in 2013 Texas, Wisconsin and Nevada, in addition to Maryland of copies of surgical screws spinal! Lash, of San Bernardino, said Sargent, who took a 25 30. A Medical/Surgical instrument technician in his own court declaration williams used his planes to needed. As she learned more from her attorneys about kickbacks that spinal Solutions a more appropriate remedy for victims screws... No Ratings Yet ) symbol of the other bags that Hwang inspected over two days of testimony 2015 the... Knee and hip implants three years later to producing the thousands of patients devastating. Pop in my back, he built an $ 18 million-a-year business in! In 2002, the Press-Enterprise/SCNG ) months in federal prison Temecula machine shop authorities... Described as a Medical/Surgical instrument technician in his own court declaration never wanted surgeries. In federal prison described as a Medical/Surgical instrument technician in his own court declaration the... And no ones doing anything, Sersansie said he was sentenced to five years trying identify! That used a component from that workshop, Id be worried.. 2016 Al Jazeera,. Sersansie found his way to Bill Reynolds, an independent contractor who worked for Solutions!

With All Conveyors Running What Happens When Ol3 Opens, How Did Geography Affect Early Settlement In California, Pro Tech Sprint Automatic Knife Black, Petersburg Va News Shooting, Articles S