The Texas frontier retreated over 100 miles (160km) during the Civil War, and northern Mexico was hit by a new wave of Comanche raids. [12], The last major battle between the New Mexican settlers and the Comanche took place in 1779. When the annuities arrived, there was widespread disappointment. Miles' column made the first contact and defeated a group of Cheyenne near McClellan Creek. Within a few years however, the infantry was replaced by new light-cavalry regiments. The situation became dangerous in 1858 after the army abandoned Camp Cooper. Military map of the Comanche Indian Territory in the Great Plains, showing Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado, and Nebraska. In the late 1800s, salmon-canning was a rapidly growing industry along the Columbia River in Oregon. In the 17th century the Eastern Shoshone people who became known as the Comanche migrated southward from Wyoming. Deliveries . The peace was soon violated by both sides, and war resumed for another two years. White settlers plan to defy the agreement between the government and the Comanche in order to mine for silver on Comanche lands, while scout Jim Bowie tries to keep the peace in the territory. [38], The new Republic of Texas had immediate problems with the Comanche. In compliance with the treaty of August 30, 1855, about 450 of the Penateka or . The Americans were required by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to prevent raids into Mexico. The former people displeased the Great Spirit, and a fresh start was needed. In 1848, traveler Josiah Gregg said that "the whole country from New Mexico to the borders of Durango is almost entirely depopulated. The wave of immigration from the California Gold Rush first brought smallpox (1848) and then cholera (1849) to the Great Plains. After its inclusion in the Union, Oklahoma became a center for oil . These were devastating to every plains tribe, but especially to the Comanches and Kiowa. In 1716, the governor of New Mexico launched an attack against a peaceful Ute/Comanche camp near San Antonio Mountain, 140km (87mi) north of the capital of Santa Fe, killing and capturing many and enslaving the captives. [18] By that time, the Comanche had already pushed the Apache off the Great Plains into southern Texas where they became the Lipan Apache, to the deserts of the southwest, or into close proximity and alliance with the Spanish in New Mexico. Jim Bowie is sent into Comanche country on a mission to allow the government to mine silver on the Indian's land. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [35] Moreover, as the Anglo population of Texas grew rapidly, the Indians suffered additional losses from smallpox in the late 1830s. Starring: Will Geer, Macdonald Carey, Maureen O'Hara. In response to increased Indian attacks on the trail during the summer of 1860, three columns of cavalry were sent into the area on a punitive expedition. Studio : Universal Studios. The campaign ended with an attack on a Comanche village at McClellan Creek (September, 1872). They presided over a large area called Comancheria which they shared with allied tribes, the Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Wichita, and after 1840 the southern Cheyenne and Arapaho. This land was sold to white settlers in 1901. (Oct 1992), "Embattled Borderland: Northern Nuevo Len and the Indios Brbaros, 1686-1870,", Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 11:33, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Towards a Context for Late Precontact Culture Change: Comanche Movement Prior to Eighteenth Century Spanish Documentation", "Extract of the Journal of the Mallet Brothers", "The Transformation of the Texas Economy", Kiowa Comanche Apache Indian Territory Project. [15], With a safe-haven in New Mexico, the Comanche began to raid deep into Mexico. The Second Battle of Adobe Walls marked the beginning of the Buffalo War (or Red River War) (187475), the last great Indian war on the southern plains. The Comanche and Spanish undertook joint operations against their common Apache enemy. The Comanche Homebuyer Assistance Program is funded by the American Rescue Plan (ARP) and is authorized by Comanche Business Committee (CBC) Resolution: 74-2021 - Rebuild, Recover, Stronger Together. July 30, 2017. Northerners blamed Mexico's defeat on the failure of Mexico City to protect the nation's frontiers from Comanche onslaught. The result of this offensive by the army and Rangers was to cause trouble elsewhere. Captives taken by the Comanche at a young age however were usually assimilated into Comanche society as members of the tribe. They chose instead to attack a nearby supply train. It established a line of trading houses which functioned as a border between Texas and Comancheria. In 1865 the Comanche and their allies the Kiowa signed a treaty with the United States, which granted them what is now western Oklahoma, from the Red River north to the Cimarron. In the 1820s, the newly independent and weak Mexican state could not defend its northern outposts, nor provide the Comanche the yearly tribute to which they were accustomed. The name Comanche is derived from a Ute word meaning "anyone who wants to fight me all the time." The Comanche had previously been part of the Wyoming Shoshone. Estimates of the Comanche's total population in 1780, when they were most numerous, are usually around 20,000, although one estimate numbers them at 40,000. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. After Texas Indian agents had taken over administration of the Wichita Agency in Oklahoma, Comanches participated in an attack on the agency (October, 1862) by pro-Union Delaware and Shawnee from Kansas. Arturo Prez-Reverte writes of the horror of war in general, and of the Bosnia genocide in particular. In March 1949, Universal announced they would make a biopic of Jim Bowie produced by Leonard Goldstein, most likely to star Scott Brady as Bowie. That same month the army began to move. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Comanche became the dominant tribe on the southern Great Plains. The Rangers did nothing to prevent encroachment on Comanche lands but would retaliate if the new settlements beyond the line were attacked. A boundary line between Comancheria and Texas was alluded to, but not defined. In the 1770s that alliance broke down. Comanche is a 1956 American Western film directed by George Sherman in CinemaScope and starring Dana Andrews. Sometimes Producers sell the film to the distributors (Individual Producers like Continue Reading 105 1 2 Shruti Gupta Lives in Gurugram, Haryana, India (2008-present) 1 y The Ute word kmantsi, probably meaning 'enemy', was the name by which the Comanche became known. A detour had to be made around Jacksboro to prevent a riot. As Neighbors was hated by local Texans, rather than continue to fight them, he arranged to close the reservations and move the residents to Indian Territory. The Comanche is a Universal International Technicolour western film. [19], In Texas in the 1750s, the Comanche allied themselves with the group of tribes the Spanish called Norteos or northerners as they resided north of the Spanish settlements. Katie falls in love with Bowie and turns honest, but it may be too late to prevent another Indian war. The concern of the Mexicans was real. In 1822 the Mexicans made a grand effort to reduce the Comanche threat by inviting a delegation of Comanche leaders to Mexico City and signing a treaty "between the Mexican Empire and the Comanche Nation" that granted many trading privileges to the Comanche. Because of an outbreak of cholera in their camps, the Kwahada neither attended the conference nor signed the treaty. [34] Texas had a Spanish population of perhaps 5,000. The Comanche disdained the Tonkawa for their prior service as scouts with the Texas Rangers; but the Texas Comanches had a special hatred for the Tonkawa ever since they had killed and eaten the brother of one of their chiefs. The tribes agreed to live in Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma, but some of the Comanche bands were not present for the agreement. but the Comanche's production and distribution of goods involved other methods. From fewer than 5,000 Spanish in the early 19th century, the population of Texas in 1836 was 38,000 Spanish and Anglo inhabitants. Comanche Territory is a 1997 Spanish drama war film produced and directed by Gerardo Herrero and starring Imanol Arias, Carmelo Gmez, Cecilia Dopazo, Bruno Todeschini and Gastn Pauls. Of the three million acres (12,000km) promised the Comanche, Kiowa and Kiowa Apache by treaty in 1867, only 235,000 acres (951km) have remained in native hands. [39] Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Carapella has designed maps of Canada and the continental U.S.. Besides the usual promises of peace and friendship, the Comanches were promised a large amount of goods and services. In May 1836, Comanche and Kiowa warriors killed five men and captured five women and children at Fort Parker, 100 miles south of Dallas. The 1786 agreement ended major hostilities between the Comanche and the Spanish and Puebloans of New Mexico. Every Comanche - women and children - is dead. The Comanches kept their promise for safe passage on the Santa Fe Trail, but remained angry about events in Texas where white settlers continued to encroach deeper and deeper into Comancheria and the Texas Rangers were still attacking them. The treaty was ratified in July, and funds were made available, but the responsibility for the administration of annuities was placed with the army. By THOMAS F. BRADY New York Times 22 Mar 1949: 31. Of this, 4,400 acres (18km) are owned by the tribe itself. In 1825, 330 Comanche rode into San Antonio, the capital and largest city of Texas, and remained there for six days, looting and enjoying themselves. The Spanish continued to give gifts and hospitality to the Comanche. [45], After 1840, Comanche policy in Texas became more defensive. While the army was making its own plans to deal with the hostiles by force, the federal government decided to make one final effort to resolve the conflict through treaty. After some discussion, a decision was made to attack the buffalo hunters on the Staked Plains. When James 'Jim' Bowie comes into the scene he finds the white settlers living near by planning to attack the Indians although they know about that agreement and the beautiful Katie seems to play a leading role in this intrigue.Oliver Heidelbach Jesse Lasky Jr. Plans Production in Europe; Bromfield Gets New Deal Release date : October 14, 2012. Between 1858 and 1860, the army's new light-cavalry regiments were used for an offensive against Comanches in Oklahoma. Five companies of Missouri volunteers were sent to garrison these posts during the summer of 1847 and quickly became engaged in fights with Plains Indians. The Comanche were generous. First in Texas, and then in Mexico, Americans arrived - in the words of Hmlinen - "to seize territories that had already been subjugated and weakened by Comanches.". Plot summary. A smallpox epidemic had broken out in their villages, and there was a deep distrust of the northern tribes. Buffalo products formed the core of the Comanche economy and included robes, tepee covers, sinew thread, water carriers made of the animals stomach, and a wide variety of other goods. The Comanche bands regularly waged war on neighboring tribes and European settlers encroaching on Comancheria. On the other side of Comancheria, many things had changed with the beginning of the Mexican War in 1846. Afterwards, large groups of Cheyenne left the reservation and headed for the plains. When Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821, Texas became part of the new country. Synopsis. The agent at Fort Sill was ordered to limit rations and suspend the distribution of ammunition. The Santa F and Overland trails were closed, and virtually every plains tribe was at war with the United States. The peace endured only a few years. In June the last 400 Kwahada, including Isatai'i and Quanah Parker, surrendered. In 1840, the Comanche sent a peace delegation to San Antonio and in a dispute about captives the Texas soldiers killed 35 Comanche, many of them chiefs, in the Council House Fight. The Mallets met the "Laitane" (Comanche) along the Arkansas River in Colorado. Schallert, Edwin. The western bands, resident in New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, and the Texas panhandle were oriented toward the Spanish settlements of New Mexico; the eastern bands in south-western Oklahoma and central Texas were oriented toward the Spanish settlements of Texas. After leaving his charges at the new Wichita agency at Anadarko, Neighbors started back to his home in Texas but never made it, near Belknap, he was ambushed and shot in the back. An agreement with the southern branches of the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes ended a wasting war on the Comanche's northern frontier and gained about 2,000 new allies. Silver has been found on comanche territory and the government accomplished a peaceful agreement with the indians. [4], Location work was done at Kanab, Utah,[5] but location shooting took place in and around the Oak Creek Canyon area of Arizona. However, the agent had learned of their departure and purpose and had alerted the army. [42] With the help of Tonkawa scouts, Texas militia ambushed the retreating (and careless) Comanche in the Battle of Plum Creek near Lockhart, Texas, recovering some of the goods and killing several Comanche. The egalitarian and acquisitive nature of Comanche society facilitated the integration of captives into the tribe as they needed labor to manage their large domain. The arrangement did not work as intended. The county is drained by the West Cache, Cache, and Beaver creeks. They are an offshoot of the Shoshone, who hail from the area of today's southern Idaho. Cholera returned in 1867. Comanche power and their substantial wealth depended on horses, trading, and raiding. The Comanche raided south of the Rio Grande as early as 1779, their target being the Lipan Apache. 1883 is an American Western drama television limited-run series created by Taylor Sheridan that premiered on December 19, 2021, on Paramount+. 500,000 acres of Comanche land was held back, but it was leased to white ranchers in 1906. The Comanche had previously been part of the Wyoming Shoshone. In the interim, policy was set by both, and this was confusing, so the 1846 peace treaty brought very little peace to Texas. Now, the 34-year-old designs and sells maps as large as 3 by 4 feet with the names of tribes hovering over land they once occupied. Mackenzie disposed of many of the Comanche and Kiowa horses. e. federal land grants to railroads, By 1890, the majority of Americans: a. worked as farmers. Even Fort Dodge was attacked, and its horses stolen. Their contacts were indirect through the Indians tribes that they traded with on the eastern border of the Great Plains. Directed by: George Sherman. Comanche history /kmnti/ is the story of the Native American (Indian) tribe which lived on the Great Plains of the present-day United States. By December there were 900 on the Fort Sill reservation. When the amendments were read to the Comanches, the meeting almost ended, but eventually they agreed to the changes. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT: a. availability of capital for investment. The survivors crossed the Red River and settled near Fort Griffin. That year, the Kiowa-Comanche and Wichita agencies were merged into a single agency. The weakness of Mexican Texas enabled the Anglos to win the independence of Texas from Mexico in 1836. M'CREA GETS LEAD IN METRO PICTURE: To Play Clergyman in 'Stars in My Crown,' Based on Novel -- Fitts Doing Scenario Carson had found more Comanches and Kiowa than he could chastise, and the First Battle of Adobe Walls came very close to being "Carson's Last Stand." The Comanche, or the Numunuu as they call themselves, are a Native American people. It had eight large stars painted on the roof to insure he had more stars than any U.S. army general. The Jeep Comanche was discontinued in 1992, after only seven years in production. d. low tariffs. Even more aggravating from the Comanches' point of view were posts like Fort Stockton at Comanche Springs, which were intended to block the "Great Comanche War Trail" leading to northern Mexico. Comanche Territory (39) 5.6 1 h 16 min 1950 16+ Jim Bowie, introducing his knife to the Indians, becomes their friend. Although their extensive area of suzerainty has been called an empire, the Comanche were never united under a single government or leader, but rather consisted of several bands with a common language but which operated independently of each other. The government was unable to keep squatters off the land promised to the tribes, and it was after this date that some of the most violent encounters between U.S. forces and the Comanche took place. ). In exchange for land, the Germans promised a trading post and gifts. The buckskin tops was suspended by shoulder straps. Signed by the Penateka/Hois Comanches, Ioni, Anadarko, Caddo, Lipan Apache, Wichita, and Waco), the treaty promised, besides peace and friendship, trading posts, a visit by a Comanche delegation to Washington, D.C., and a one-time payment of $18,000 in goods. In 1751, Spanish and Puebloan troops trapped 300 Comanche in a box canyon and killed 112 and captured 33. It was O'Hara's second film for Universal, following Bagdad (1949),[3] and co-star Macdonald Carey's second film on loan from Paramount, following South Sea Sinner (1950). They probably first acquired horses during the 1680s after the Pueblo peoples expelled the Spanish for 12 years from New Mexico and Spanish horses became available to the native peoples. The series stars Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sam Elliott, Isabel May, LaMonica Garrett, Marc Rissmann, Audie Rick, Eric Nelsen, and James Landry Hbert. With the frontier unguarded and the Confederate treaty promises unfulfilled, Comanches began raids intended to drive settlement back. In 1854 the Texas legislature provided 23,000 acres (93km) for the United States to established three reservations on the upper Brazos River for the Texas tribes. Many of these accusations were either exaggerations, lies, or referred to raids by Comanches from the Staked Plains. [43][44], Mirabeau's campaigns against the Comanche bankrupted the Texas government and both Texas and the Comanche sought peace. If you need help with the Public File, call (954) 364-2526. Originally, it was a Shoshoni dialect . "To declare war on the Comanches would bring complete ruin to the Department of New Mexico."[16]. The Comanche were one of the first tribes to acquire horses from the Spanish and one of the few to breed them to any extent. They now face the twenty-first century with confidence. The northern states of Mexico and the soldiers and militia they could muster were left on their own to deal with the Comanche raids. The Spanish extended their settlements eastward onto the Great Plains and the population of New Mexico increased. By THOMAS F. BRADY Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.9 Aug 1949: 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comanche_Territory_(1950_film)&oldid=1132593382, This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 16:41. AKA: The Bowie Knife, The Life of Jim Bowie, Im Lande der Comanchen. Mackenzie captured 130 women and children and held them hostage at Fort Concho. In the mid-19th century the Penateka, a southern band, were settled on a reservation in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Afterwards, Carson returned to New Mexico and left the chastising of Comanches to others. . By September only 500 Kiowa and Comanche were still on the reservation; the others were out on the Staked Plains. The government census estimated a drop in the Comanches' 1849 population of 20,000 to 12,000 by 1851, and the Comanches never recovered from this loss. Early images in Indian Territory. Co-producers, Ulrich Felsberg, Gerard Jourd'hui, Christophe Jounent, Jose Ramon Ganchegui, Antonia Nava . Los Angeles Times11 Aug 1949: 23. After the initial rush failed, the Comanches came under fire from the hunters' long-range buffalo guns and were forced to retire. . Towns enclosed in brackets were established after 1840. [2] The film was originally called The Bowie Knife. Jim Bowie is sent into Comanche country on a mission to allow the government to mine silver on the Indian's land. Number of discs : 1. By 1870, the Comanches numbered less than 8,000, and their numbers were still dropping rapidly. per page. In the 17th century the Eastern Shoshone people who became known as the Comanche migrated southward from Wyoming. The US Government got all the land that was not given to Comanche families and that was a lot of land. In 1840, however, the Comanche gained important allies. By 1875, decimated by European diseases, warfare, a tide of Anglo settlement, and the near-extinction of the bison, the Comanche had been defeated by the U.S. army and were forced to live on an Indian reservation in Oklahoma. She didn't have the same kind of chemistry with her leading man in this one (Macdonald Carey) as she had with other actors (Melvyn Douglas, Henry Fonda, James Stewart, Brian Keith and an actor you may have heard of before John Wayne! When he discovered the Kiowa chiefs were openly bragging about the latest raid, he ordered their arrest and sent them to Texas for trial. The base pay for this position ranges from $16.83/hr in our lowest geographic market up to $40.43/hr in our highest geographic market. A boundary line was eventually set by the Texas governor but was to be enforced by the American army which had taken over the line of Texas forts on the frontier. This was done in May 1846 on the upper Brazos River (Butler-Lewis Treaty). | Group includes six photographs taken by William Soule of Kiowa Indians which include Lone Wolf, Trailing-the-Enemy sitting with a woman, Standing Sweat-house, White Bear, and Kicking Bird, and. In all, it took three lines of forts and most of the army's pre-Civil War strength to keep the Comanches in Texas in check. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In May, 1865 a council was held on the Washita River in western Oklahoma. In 1759, a Spanish and Indian army of more than 500 men attempted revenge for San Saba by attacking two large fortified Taovaya villages in the Red River Valley near Spanish Fort, Texas. The Norteos consisted of the Wichita, especially their sub-tribe of the Taovayas who had moved southward to the Red River valley of Oklahoma and Texas about 1750, the Tonkawa of the Texas plains and the Hasinais, the westernmost of the Caddo people. [1], In southern Colorado, the Comanche formed an alliance with the Ute and in the late 17th century, it appears the subsistence pattern of the two tribes were similar. "[31] The Comanche controlled 200,000sqmi (520,000km2) of the Great Plains, possessed a marketable commodity with their large herds of horses, and relied on the seemingly inexhaustible herds of bison for subsistence. When Sherman learned of his narrow escape, he was furious and proceeded directly to Fort Sill. [4] The French, encountering the Comanche before 1740 called the Comanche Padouca, a name they also gave to the Apache, thus causing confusion in the early history of French contact with the two peoples.[5]. 0. Comanche Territory (also know as Territorio Comanche) full movie is released on Mar 07, 1997. Later that year, Texas militia attacked a Comanche village and killed 140 men, women, and children. In March, 1869 the Comanche-Kiowa agency was relocated to Fort Sill and the Cheyenne-Arapaho agency to Darlington. Because the Confederacy needed every cent it had to fight the war, the Comanches never received what was promised. The Santa F Trail became a heavily-travelled military supply route, and forts were built to protect it. At first these outposts had been garrisoned almost entirely with infantry, allowing the Comanche to simply by-passed them. The Comanche delegation went east shortly afterwards and met President James K. Polk, but with the Mexican War just beginning, Congress had more important concerns, and the Senate adjourned without ratifying the treaty. Travelers crossed the Plains from east to west without danger. 1329. However, in 1778 the massacre of a Comanche peace delegation in eastern Texas ignited the most serious Comanche attacks on Spanish settlements and other Indian tribes yet seen in Texas. According to Comanche myth, the Comanches were created by the Great Spirit after it had destroyed another people in a great flood. At the request of the Secretary of the Interior, Texas Governor Edmund J. Davis paroled the Kiowa chiefs in October after they had served only two years on the condition that the raiding stop. To make matters worse, only the Penateka had signed the 1846 treaty. De Anza also arranged a truce between the Ute and Comanche, while gaining a Comanche alliance with the Spanish against the Apache, many groups of which were hostile to the Spanish. They subsisted on the bison herds of the Plains which they hunted for food and skins. Like-new products you can trust The Comanche language is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family. Comanche Territory is directed by Gerardo Herrero and created by Salvador Garca Ruiz with Imanol Arias and Carmelo Gmez. [citation needed]. The Comanche probably split from the Shoshone in the sixteenth century with the Comanche moving south to Colorado and becoming, as did the Eastern Shoshone, bison-hunting Great Plains nomads. In the 18th century the Osage expanded from their Missouri home onto the Great Plains to hunt bison and satisfy the French demand for bison robes and slaves. [14], The peace of 1786 endured. [6], In the early 18th century the Ute and Comanche (who were probably the junior partners of the alliance at this time) established their primacy on the northern frontier of Spanish New Mexico, although their depredations consisted mostly of stealing livestock. LTC George Custer and the 7th Cavalry attacked a southern Cheyenne village on the Washita River in November, and Major Andrew Evans struck a Comanche village at Soldiers Spring on Christmas Day. In the 1880s, salmon canning . The governor of New Mexico, Juan Bautista de Anza, an experienced Indian fighter, took the war to the Comanche in their own country. As federal troops began to re-occupy their posts in Texas, the Great Plains and Indian Territory, government commissioners met with the plains tribes in October on the Little Arkansas River near Wichita to arrange a peace. At first the Comanches and Kiowa thought the Cheyenne were mistaken, but their story of the plains littered with dead buffalo was eventually confirmed. When federal soldiers withdrew from the region entirely following the outbreak of the Civil War, Confederate troops initially replaced them. The Comanche are often characterized as "Lords of the Plains." Rate this book. Plot [ edit] [40], The first President of Texas, Sam Houston, negotiated with the Comanche with the objective of establishing a firm border between the Anglo settlers and Comancheria. His Jicarilla and Ute scouts located their camps on November 24. Three months later his Caddo, Delaware, and Tonkawa scouts were expelled from Texas as undesirables. Prez-Reverte also co-wrote the screenplay . The American agent took it upon himself to distribute $9,000 in gifts to the Comanches and Kiowa, and in 1853 the Kiowa and Yamparika signed their own treaty at Fort Atkinson. characteristics, like power over a large territory, hierarchies between the core and periphery, areas where resources were extracted, cultural domination, and . Recursively sort the rest of the list, then insert the one left-over item where it belongs in the list, like adding a card to the hand you've already sorted in a card game, or putting a book away in a sorted bookshelf. In the final days of the Civil War, the Confederacy made a final attempt to exploit the hostility of the plains tribes that had been provoked by the federal volunteers. A third challenge to the Comanche were the French and their Indian allies on the eastern border of the Great Plains. The name Comanche is probably from a Southern Ute word meaning "enemy," or more generally "stranger" or "other." The Comanche called themselves numunuu and spoke a language related to that of the Shoshone of Wyoming and Idaho. There were few other encounters, but the relentless pressure and pursuit throughout the fall and winter had its effect. `Territorio Comanche' is a documental report rather than a novel: Mrquez, the cameraman is waiting to film the blowing up of the bridge at Bijelo Polje in the middle of war-strewn Bosnia-Herzegovina. Miles ' column made the first contact and defeated a group of Cheyenne near McClellan Creek ( September 1872! Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article Apache enemy and gifts the dominant tribe on the roof insure... 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