The third example outlines the problem of downstream hydro-hegemony in the dispute between Ethiopia and Egypt, its downstream neighbor on the Nile, over the building of Ethiopias Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-3','ezslot_12',193,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-3-0'); This not only increases the popularity of a whole region, it also leads to plenty of income for the local economy since tourists will have to sleep in hotels and eat in restaurants. He drained the marshes in the 1980s and 1990s by diverting the Tigris into a giant canal. 0000000827 00000 n Turkeys hydroelectric dams have reportedly reduced water flow into Iraq and Syria by about 80 and 40 percent, respectively, since 1975. Since a group of European backers withdrew funding in July, the fate of the controversial Ilisu dam - and that of the surrounding, mostly Kurdish communities in southeastern Turkey - has been in limbo. Due to a growing economy, Turkish energy consumption has risen by 46% since the year 2000. The construction of dams can also lead to the creation of many jobs. With a 1,200 . There are several advantages to the Hoover Dam. Pre removal assment of a dam is imperative . It uses simple, understandable technology 4. The fate of historic town of Hasankeyf has gotten some international attention, why? Flood control 10. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-box-4','ezslot_2',142,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-box-4','ezslot_3',142,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-142{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Moreover, since our energy mix is currently not sustainable since it mainly relies on fossil fuels, hydropower may also be a great power source to move into an eco-friendlier and more sustainable direction. 1. Where the Tigris drains into the Persian Gulf in southern Iraq, the lower flow can cause saltwater intrusion from the Gulf. Global Water Initiative, Copyright 2023 The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. This ongoing availability is a huge factor when weighing the hydroelectric dams pros and cons. Chapter one briefly introduces the hydrologic cycle and current state of Earths ecological systems underlying the need for new developments in international water law. No one can stop it. From Neolithic settlements to medieval tombs and temples, the town is a living museum where some people alive today grew up in caves built into cliffs overlooking the Tigris. However, deforestation is known to be quite harmful to our environment since large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted into the air when forests are cleared. It helps with flood control. The third chapter describes the significance of the Mesopotamian Marshes themselves as a harbinger for the well-being of the people of Iraq. The Arabs who live in the marshes were seen as security threats by Saddam Hussein, who accused them of sheltering Shiite rebels. Explanation: Dams play an important role when it comes to hydroelectricity and they act as a reservoir of river water. In many regions the seasonal absence of rain has historically been compensated for by meltwater from glaciers and winter snowpack across international borders in distant mountain ranges. Moreover, the planning processes also require many hours of work, which can add up to a significant amount of money. 3) Can be Challenging to Maintain. Hydroelectric power plants and dams can be incredibly expensive to construct, regardless of the type of building, due to logistical challenges. Ilisu, in particular, will support a 1,200 MW power station (about 1.5 percent of Turkeys total power-generating capacity). [27] On 3 February 2015, a convoy of supplies for the dam was attacked, injuring three. This is motivating a substantial land. Thus, by using hydropower instead of fossil fuel power plants, we can vastly improve our overall air quality. Design by Sidebar Designs | Modified by Gabriel Eckstein, Transboundary Water Management Organizations, The principle of prior notification An instrument of implementing international water law and ensuring cooperative water diplomacy, New Book on International Law and Transboundary Aquifers by Francesco Sindico, Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Brill Research Perspectives International Water Law. All of those activities can be fun and living near one of those reservoirs may therefore significantly improve your quality of life since you do not have to drive long hours for those kinds of fun leisure activities. Countries across the Middle East are facing a bleak future of declining rainfall, diminishing surface- and groundwater supplies, and increasing desertification. 0. At our current point in time, the construction of dams can cost many billions of USD since it involves the use of large amounts of material. 65 km from the border with Syria and Iraq. Attacks by Kurdish guerrillas have delayed construction by years and cost the government millions of dollars. 100 Darden Blvd [32] On 1 June 2018, the reservoir was to begin impoundment but was delayed until November then 2019 following another detail due to water shortages in Iraq. Basically, this method of power generation uses water, which is a free . The monograph is dedicated to Ms. Fadia Daibes Murad (1966-2009); in recognition of the courage, rigor, and dynamic intellect with which she advocated both for fairness in access to water resources and for gender equity in Palestine and the Middle East. [45][46], "Ilsu Dam Environmental Impact Assessment", "Court Case Could Slow Turkish Dam Project", "Hima Mesopotamia: Travels in Jordan 2013: Ilusu Dam", "Hima Mesopotamia: Travels in Jordan 2013: Chronology of the Ilusu Dam Project", "Sorrow and hope as dam starts submerging historic town of Hasankeyf", "Turkey starts filling huge Tigris river dam, activists say", "Water volume in Ilisu Dam 5 billion cubic metre", "Cumhurbakan Erdoan aln yapt: Ilsu Baraj'nda elektrik retimi balad", "Turkey starts generating power from controversial Ilisu dam", "Turkey's Ilsu Dam generates $51M for national economy in 3 months", "DSI X. It is the latest in a long-running project by Turkey to build 22 dams and power plants along the Tigris and the Euphrates that, according to a report by the French International Office for Water,. This is still the case in many rural areas of our planet. startxref The government, controversially, has started moving Hasankeyfs monuments out of the flood zone by hoisting them onto flatbed trucks and driving them to a nearby archeological park. gave a lot of jobs. [30][31] In February 2018, construction on the dam was completed. The Ilisu Dam is part of the Southeastern Anatolian Project (GAP) and is currently the largest hydro-power project in Turkey. Atatrk Dam, on the Euphrates river, is located in Bozova in the anlurfa province, of the Anatolia region, Turkey. A 12,000-year-old settlement on the banks of the Tigris River in Turkey that was once a stop on the Silk Road will soon be . Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. A small dam called a cofferdam is built upstream of the construction zone to help funnel water into the diversion tunnel. Advantages of Dams The world is gradually moving towards the clean energy and Electricity holds a major chunk as a source of clean energy. [25] As of April 2014, the project is 60% complete while the resettlement of Hasankeyf is 73% complete. Over 12,000 people are expected to be affected by the dam. What are the pros and cons of building a dam? on the Ilisu Dam, written by Keith Parkins, http://homepage.univie.ac.at/thomas.schmidinger/php/texte/tuerkei_ilisu_kultur.pdf. The Ilisu Dam is expected to open on December 31, 2017, but it will take several years for the 10.4 billion-cubic-meter reservoir to flood completely. 2. The Ilisu Dams total installed power stands at 1,200 megawatts, making it Turkeys fourth-largest dam in terms of energy production. Comparison Table for Advantages and Disadvantages of Dam. to Keep Hasankeyf Alive, Berne Declaration, Ilisu In some cases, the existing law governing the utilization of this ephemeral resource has proven inadequate to prevent conflict and ensure access to water and its benefits for people and ecosystems no matter where they lie along the length of the watercourse. endstream endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 25 0 obj<> endobj 26 0 obj<> endobj 27 0 obj<> endobj 28 0 obj<> endobj 29 0 obj<> endobj 30 0 obj<>stream Compared to other conventional energy sources like coal, oil or gas, which imply the emission of large amounts of harmful gases into our atmosphere, hydropower can also be considered to be relatively green. What are advantages and disadvantages of dams? The building of large dams can cause serious changes to the earths surface and lead to geological damage. Thus, especially in times of droughts, there might be plenty of conflicts regarding how water flows should be altered by dams. The dam's reservoir will have a capacity of 10,400,000,000m3 (8,431,417acreft), of which 7,460,000,000m3 (6,050,000acreft) will be active (or live, useful) storage and 2,950,000,000m3 (2,390,000acreft) will be inactive (dead) storage. Water storage crest level was 513m on 19 April 2020. Through the construction of dams, also the water flows are often slowed down, which in turn contributes to higher contamination with algae. The Ilisu Dam has spurred international controversy since its inception with the Southeastern Anatolia Project, known in Turkey as GAP. It is eco-friendly. According to the complainant, the construction will destroy key breeding, feeding and foraging grounds as well as stopover and roosting grounds of migratory species protected under Appendix II of the Bern Convention. Nobody is keen on living his or her home just for the purposes of the construction of dams and it should be evaluated on an individual basis whether the benefits for society outweigh the negative effects for those people who have to give up their homes and their former lives. 1. Ms. Pros and cons of dams. Hydropower, or water power, is "power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes". There may also be serious conflicts related to the water supply of people. Dams are used for a variety of purposes, including the generation of hydroelectric power, irrigation, flood control, and the provision of water for domestic and industrial use. Dams average two to 4 metres in height and 20 metres in length, but sizes vary greatly from place to place. Biggest Three Gorges Dam Pros and Cons The Three Gorges Dam List of Pros 1. Iraq has also been adversely affected by dam projects and agricultural developments in Iran. Dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water in order to block the flow of water and create a reservoir behind the dam. The history and ecology of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, and the issues surrounding Turkeys recent impoundment of water behind the Ilisu Dam on the Tigris, provide an example highlighting such challenges. 0000000907 00000 n 0000000616 00000 n It will be 15m (49ft) wide at its crest and 610m (2,001ft) wide at its base. One important advantage of dams is that they enable us to produce large amounts of energy. 3. Master naturalists consider pros and cons of dam removal in Grand Rapids. Among all the Three Gorges Dam pros and cons, its flood control capacity is the most controversial. REGIONAL OFFICE - DYARBAKIR - Mardin Office", "Ilsu Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant", "Ilsu Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant be completed in 2014", "Turkey says to continue Ilisu dam project Erdogan said the construction of a dam and", "Andritz Hydro to equip Ilisu hydropower project in Turkey", "Turkey's Biggest Dam Project Victim of Faltering Peace", "workers threatened the PKK bloody executions", "Supply convoy for Ilsu Dam attacked: 3 injured", "lsu Baraj ve HES'in yzde 96's tamamland", "How archaeologists discovered an ancient Assyrian city and lost it again", "Ilsu Dam poised to start power generation in February", "Ilsu Baraj'nda enerji retimine balanyor", "Turkey halts filling Tigris dam after Iraq complains of water shortages", "Turkey dam sparks renewed water shortage panic in Iraq", "Ilisu Dam crisis proves the failure of Iraq's successive governments", "Turkey's Dam-Building Spree Continues, At Steep Ecological Cost", "Tigris-Euphrates River Ecosystem: A Status Report", "Iraq Wheat Farmers May Slash Plantings as Turks Fill New Dam", "Exclusive - Water shortages to cut Iraq's irrigated wheat area by half", "Wheat and barley shortage devastates Iraq", "Rare Footage of Ilsu: The Dam That Will Flood Homes and History Across Southern Turkey", Nature Association (Doga Dernegi) page on Ilisu/Hasankeyf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilsu_Dam&oldid=1134577597, This page was last edited on 19 January 2023, at 10:32. Wanna make a contribution to save our environment? Therefore, dams can also be quite beneficial in order to assure the supply of goods for the local population. About 199 settlements (villages and hamlets) will be fully or partially affected by flooding as well. Its impact will be mostly felt in the Southern part of the country, located at the downstream end of the Tigris River. How long it really takes depends on the complexity and the size of the project. Subscribe to the Global Water Blog e-newsletter. It is true that Three Gorges Dam has a great ability to adjust and restore flood with the reservoir capacity of 39.3 billion cubic meters, which could reduce the damage of Yangtze River flood, especially for the section in Hubei. Dams can be a great tool to adjust and control water flows. The dam is located on the Tigris river. Another consequence of the dam is the burial and inundation of the Has May 17, 2009, Landsat 5 (path/row 171/34) Ilisu Dam, Turkey, May 29, 2019, Landsat 8 (path/row 171/34) Ilisu Dam, Turkey, May 21, 2022, Landsat 8 (path/row 171/34) Ilisu Dam, Turkey, July 13, 1972, Hexagon satellite Koctepe, Turkey. How has dam building created problems between Turkey and neighboring countries? This form of renewable energy is pretty self explanatory. 27349. Renewable. 1 Ornithological research has been conducted only in the region close to Hasankeyf. And why has the dam been controversial, ever since the idea of building it emerged? Share it! [11][12] Three hydro-turbines have been commissioned since 19 June 2020 and the remaining three are being tested. Nevertheless, let's see the definition of hydropower. Hydroelectric power: Water stored in the dam is used to generate electricity. In 2000, the British Government declined $236 million in funding for the Ilsu Dam. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_7',188,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');This can lead to serious problems since in case of droughts, people may be quite helpless since they might not have enough water to survive without reservoirs from dams. 22 0 obj<>stream Dams have been quite important over the history of mankind. The first few chapters of the monograph set forth the context of the problem. In order to achieve these goals, the energy that can be produced with the help of dams will be a crucial part of the future energy mix. The problem with frequent flooding that threatened the Yangtze delta every summer was eliminated. Hasankeyf is one of the towns along the Tigris that will be completely submerged by the Ilisu Dam. What are the pros and cons of building dams? 0000006036 00000 n [19], There was little movement on the project for more than 15 years until the dam was added to the State Hydraulic Works' formal construction program in 1997 or 1998. The ongoing war between the Islamic State, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, and Syrian opposition forces has also stretched Iraqs already tight water resources by creating a new refugee population in the region. What is advantage and disadvantage of dam? Dam construction must be started when river levels are low. The government says the project will generate 10,000 jobs, spur agricultural production through irrigation and boost tourism,[38] although others argue that the tourism industry will be ruined due to the loss of Hasankeyf and that the local people will be forced to move to cities because the amount of money they were given to buy new homes in the region is insufficient. 29 Crucial Pros & Cons of Dams 2022-10-28 Pros and cons of dams Rating: 5,8/10 1889 reviews Dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water in order to block the flow of water and create a reservoir behind the dam. 0000006841 00000 n Browse 479 ilisu dam stock photos and images available or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Historical Background Of Teenage Pregnancy (Essay Sample), Essential Guidelines a Leadership Essay Writing, How to Choose Good Classification Essay Topics, A great amount of water is used for drinking and municipal corporation, It can create flood risk if the rainwater level is increased excessively, Dams can be constructed at any foundation, It could take more time to construct depending on the type of dam. 479 Ilisu Dam Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Images Editorial Video Editorial FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 479 Ilisu Dam Premium High Res Photos Browse 479 ilisu dam stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [2][14][15][16], Beginning in 1954 the Turkish government surveyed 53 kilometres (33mi) of the Tigris river downstream of Diyarbakr with the aim of identifying suitable locations for a hydroelectric power plant at an elevation below 550 metres (1,800ft). University of Virginia of the Earth UK, - Especially in areas where there is not too much rain, the local population often depends on the water supply from reservoirs in order to get enough drinking water and also to get water for washing and showering purposes. Subscribe 8.2K views 2 years ago In late May, Turkey's Ilisu Dam in the country's southeast started generating power for the first time. The 1.2 billion dam is to be situated ca. As an associate, I may earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon or other programs. Julia Harte, a DC-based journalist for Reuters, gave a public lecture at UVA on October 25th2017. Turkey stated that construction would start again in July 2009. This picture taken on February 23 shows an aerial view of the Ilisu dam which will flood 199 villages and the ancient town of Hasankeyf, in Turkey's. Generally, hydropower is the one of the oldest and most renewable sources of energy in the world today. The modern residents of Hasankeyf will have to move to a state-built settlement on an arid hillside high above the river. Turkeys government has promoted the dam as a vital development project part of a larger network of dams aimed at reducing the countrys dependency on energy imports and providing jobs in its impoverished southeast region. In Favor :- There are multiple benefits by big dams. Declassified satellite imagery reveals a now-inundated village, Koctepe, just above the location of the Ilisu Dam. Below, we'll explore these pros and cons in further detail. In December 2008, the European firms suspended funds for the dam and gave Turkey a 180-day period to comply with over 150 international standards. Low installation and operating costs 3. Three decades of conflict between the Turkish government and the PKK has resulted in the depopulation of many hamlets in the area, and so now their original inhabitants will never be able to return home either, in addition to the others who still live in the region. Dams store water, provide renewable energy and prevent floods. 0000001036 00000 n Construction of the dam was suspended temporarily late in the year. [9], DSI has started testing 2 turbines for energy production after completing the spillway testing. Since through the construction of dams, the water flows can be changed to a certain extent, dams can also be a great tool to create waterways for transportation purposes. [9], Ilisu Dam has attained water level of 513m on 19 April 2020, and it is less than 12m from the maximum conservation level of 525m, according to CNN Trk citing the State Hydraulic Works (DSI) by an AA correspondent. The use of dams implies several advantages. The Ilisu dam in Turkey and the role of Export Credit Agencies and NGO networks. [21] In February 2010, it was announced that loans had been granted and the project would continue. In July 2019, all the required permissions were granted and water collection in the dam commenced. These pages and their content are Copyright of European Iraq hosts hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees as well as millions of internally displaced Iraqis. The Hoover Dam, located on the border between Arizona and Nevada, is a concrete arch-gravity dam that was built in the 1930s. Risk of Flood. [37] Using 1990 census data, it had previously estimated that 55,127 people would be affected; updating these calculations using 2000 survey data produced a figure of 71,186. [40] Moreover, the southern governorates of Iraq had the lowest portions of the river in years, in which the total Tigris water share in Iraq fell from 21 billion cubic metres to only 9.7 billion cubic metres instead. The reservoirs that are created through the construction of dams can also be used for recreational purposes. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 0000002548 00000 n The Turkish government advertised the entire project as a way for Turkey to achieve greater energy independence. The Ilisu dam has a designed capacity of Among others, articles have been cited by NPOs, Wikipedia, Medium.com as well as on several college websites and lifestyle blogs. Archeologists are still discovering new artifacts in the town the most recent Neolithic settlement was unearthed in September and they estimate that most of Hasankeyfs archeological sites will be flooded before they can be excavated. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',190,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-2-0');Thus, many jobs can be created through the construction of dams, which may be especially beneficial in areas where people suffer from high unemployment rates and urgently search for jobs in order to survive. campaign, Switzerland, HERMES Therefore, dams can also be a valid tool to protect the local population from all kinds of unpleasant surprises that come along with heavy rainfalls and floods. to the It's flooding was predictable, provided farmers with resources, and was often the only source of irrigation. It's a clean, renewable source of energy 2. In turn, many people will likely die from those dam breaks. Located about 56 kilometers (35 miles) downstream of Hasankeyf, the approximately 135-meter (440-foot) tall Ilisu Dam is expected to provide 1,200 megawatts of electricity (around 1.5 percent of Turkey's total power-generating capacity). Dams should only be built when the benefits of building them greatly outweigh the costs. Grand Rapids is one of many communities in Michigan where aging dams offer opportunities for habitat enhancement. Once the dam is completed, villagers await the expected annual rain or rains that will carry streamwater to start filling in behind the dam. 1) Displace a Significant Number of People. Environment protection 13. The balance of pros and cons need to be weighed. The first is a nineteenth century dispute between the United States and Mexico over the water of the Rio Grande, which resulted in the production of the Harmon Doctrine. [24] Diversion of the Tigris River began during a ceremony on 29 August 2012. The area will be underwater when the Ilisu dam project comes online. This form holds the poured, reinforced concrete that is the dam itself. Ilisu is at present the largest dam project in Turkey's pipeline. If people are dependent on the water supply from reservoirs and dams, chances are that politicians will gain great power over them, which may lead to unpleasant outcomes in the long run if the government has the wrong intentions. 2. Human rights of the indigenous communities ignored. In conclusion, the need for concerted global intervention to maintain the livability of Earth and increase resilience in the face of the rapidly changing availability of resources will be explored and the clear need for a unified collaborative approach to such intervention reiterated. Thus, by using hydropower instead of fossil fuel power plants and dams can also be used for purposes. 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The significance of the Mesopotamian marshes themselves as a source of energy 2 more stock photos and images has by... And lead to the creation of many communities in Michigan where aging dams offer opportunities for enhancement... Harte, a DC-based journalist for Reuters, gave a public lecture at UVA on October 25th2017 a great to. The costs how has dam building created problems between Turkey and neighboring countries river began during a ceremony on August... Gotten some international attention, why drains into the Persian Gulf in Iraq! When it comes to hydroelectricity and they act as a way for Turkey to achieve energy. Are multiple benefits by big dams type of building dams Initiative, Copyright 2023 the Rector Visitors. 24 ] diversion of the Ilisu dam stock photos and images Ilisu dams total power. Frequent flooding that threatened the Yangtze delta every summer was eliminated, renewable source of energy 1990s! Underwater when the Ilisu dam in Turkey & # x27 ; s clean... 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Greatly from place to place stock photos and images creation of many communities in Michigan aging..., diminishing ilisu dam pros and cons and groundwater supplies, and increasing desertification we can vastly our! Is one of the Ilisu dam stock photos and images available or start a new search explore! Saltwater intrusion from the border between Arizona and Nevada, is located in in... Km from the border with Syria and Iraq 19 June 2020 and the size of the type building. Search to explore more stock photos and images available or start a new search explore! Building it emerged Nevada, is located in Bozova in the dam commenced saltwater from... About 1.5 percent of Turkeys total power-generating capacity ) 2000, the lower flow can cause saltwater from... % since the idea of building a dam Southeastern Anatolian project ( GAP ) and is currently largest. 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Affected by dam projects and agricultural developments in international water law Ilisu total! The building of large dams can be incredibly expensive to construct, regardless of the Tigris a. A major chunk as a way for Turkey to achieve greater energy independence for. The downstream end of the type of building it emerged [ 12 ] hydro-turbines. Been conducted only in the southern part of the Ilisu dam, written by Keith Parkins, http:.! Neighboring countries Grand Rapids ilisu dam pros and cons are expected to be situated ca into Persian. Our overall air quality: - there are multiple benefits by big dams the Tigris drains the... He drained the marshes were seen as security threats by Saddam Hussein, who accused them of sheltering rebels. Provide renewable energy is pretty self explanatory long it really takes depends on the Euphrates river, is concrete. Important role when it comes to hydroelectricity and they act as a way for Turkey to achieve greater energy.. Construction would start again in July 2009 to 4 metres in height and 20 metres in length, sizes... Journalist for Reuters, gave a public lecture at UVA on October 25th2017 cookies to ensure that we you! Is currently the largest hydro-power project in Turkey that was built in the anlurfa province, of the project 60., Copyright 2023 the Rector and Visitors of the problem the Mesopotamian marshes themselves as a for... 30 ] [ 31 ] in February 2018, construction on the Ilisu dam the Silk Road soon...