[232][233], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. [22][23][bettersourceneeded] The culture of the people who lived on these islands was often distinct from that of Asia and pre-Columbian America, hence a lack of association with either. [401][402] The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. She excluded Hawaii from her definition, but not Easter Island. Items of great cultural value include the finely woven 'ie toga. [358] The New Zealand dollar is the 10th-most traded currency in the world.[359]. International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands were defined by James as falling within the organization's geographical parameters. "[136] In the Pacific Ocean Handbook (1945), author Eliot Grinnell Mears claimed, "it is customary to exclude the Aleutians of the North Pacific, the American coastal islands and the Netherlands East Indies", and that he included Australia and New Zealand in Oceania for "scientific reasons; Australia's fauna is largely continental in character, New Zealand's are clearly insular; and neither Commonwealth realm has close ties with Asia. What is the most populated city in Oceania? "[127] For political reasons, Taiwan was a member of the Oceania Football Confederation during the 1970s and 1980s, rather than the Asian Football Confederation. [93] He further included in his definition Sakhalin, an island which is geologically part of the Japanese archipelago, but that has been administered by Russia since World War II. [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. Piramide della popolazione: Oceania - 1986. [342][343], The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific. This is a senior leadership position responsible for an integrated approach to population and public health programs and services in the Province of Manitoba. [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. [66] However, Brown did not explicitly associate Japan or Taiwan with the term Oceania. The executive power is exercised by the government. "[102] In 1948, American military journal Armed Forces Talk broke the islands of the Pacific up into five major subdivisions; Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and the non-tropical Islands. [270][271], A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals, and dominance of the marsupials a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums, and dasyuromorphs. The most multicultural areas in Oceania, which have a high degree of immigration, are Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. [347] It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by GaWC. South Island is dominated by the Southern Alps. The bulk of thepopulation(92.1%) is concentrated in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea,with a strong presence of immigrants or descendants of European settlers. Henle included the Indonesian half of New Guinea, but excluded the rest of Indonesia and the Malay archipelago, as well as all Japanese islands and oceanic Latin American islands (with the exception of Easter Island). 37 Million Which of the following is NOT one of the four dominant climate types for the Oceania / Pacific region? The Tasman Sea, and part of Zealandia then locked together with Australia to form the Australian Plate (40 Ma), and a new plate boundary was created between the Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. [36][37] In his 1879 book Australasia, British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace commented that, "Oceania is the word often used by continental geographers to describe the great world of islands we are now entering upon" and that "Australia forms its central and most important feature. [247] Desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. The 'Asia-Pacific region' would comprise two quasi-continents. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. "Australia". Updates? the United States population is equivalent to 4.25% of the total world population. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers discovered and began settling the area. Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Estimated Population 2020-2050 Estimated Population Estimated Median Age Estimated Urban / Rural Oceania demographics 2022 At c. 1200 CE, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building Nan Madol, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals. It is more usual at the present time, however, to exclude the [Malay] archipelago. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. km of land area) - Oceania. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the kkp which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, lek-breeding parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighboring land areas. [72] In a 2008 article for the India Quarterly journal titled Oceania and Security: A Perspective from New Zealand, author Peter Cozens stated, "the region of Oceania is characterised by vast distances across the sea between continental land masses [] It is difficult to be precise about the term Oceania and its exact delimitation", adding that "the principal regional political grouping is contained within the Pacific Island Forum (PIF) - the 16 states making up the Forum are: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu - in general terms this is the area referred to as Oceania by the United Nations and similar agencies. [112][143] In its periphery, Oceania's islands would sprawl 28 degrees north to the Bonin Islands in the Northern Hemisphere, and 55 degrees south to Macquarie Island in the Southern Hemisphere. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. These are: Guam, Hawaii, Christmas Island, Easter Island, Norfolk Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Wallis and Fortuna, Niue, New Caledonia, and Tokelau. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. Since 1788, the primary influence behind Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic Western culture, with some Indigenous influences. What Is The Population Of Oceania. Yearly Change: For 2019: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). The old categories have been in use since they were proposed in 1832 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. [242], The geology of New Zealand is noted for its volcanic activity, earthquakes, and geothermal areas because of its position on the boundary of the Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. The national government (malo) generally controls the legislative assembly. "[46] Some geographers group the Australian tectonic plate with others in the Pacific to form a geological continent. (2001 est.) This is a list of the populations of the sovereign states and dependent territories in the geopolitical region of Oceania. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." [353] Australia boasts the largest amount of manufacturing in the region, producing cars, electrical equipment, machinery and clothes. [238] It is almost entirely oceanic crust. "[122] Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia (which is geologically associated with New Zealand) were all excluded, as these areas are descendants of the ancient Pangaea supercontinent, along with landmasses such as the Americas and Afro-Eurasia. How many regions is Oceania divided into? The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Willem Janszoon, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in Cape York Peninsula. In statistics, population may refer to people, objects, events, hospital visits, measurements, etc. Sir Isaac Isaacs was the first Australian-born Governor General of Australia and was the first Jewish vice-regal representative in the British Empire. [267], Native to Hawaii is the Hawaiian crow, which has been extinct in the wild since 2002. "[137] In his 2002 book Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Andrew Strathern excluded Okinawa and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands from his definition of Oceania, but noted that the islands and their indigenous inhabitants "show many parallels with Pacific island societies. Popular Quizzes Today. Modern-day Indigenous Australians are loosely related to Melanesians,[161][162] and Australia maintains political influence over Melanesia,[159] which is mostly located on the same tectonic plate. "[143] In his 1993 book A New Oceania: Rediscovering Our Sea of Islands, New Guinea-born Fijian scholar Epeli Hauofa wrote that, "Pacific Ocean islands from Japan, through the Philippines and Indonesia, which are adjacent to the Asian mainland, do not have oceanic cultures, and are therefore not part of Oceania. The 1960 constitution, which formally came into force with independence from New Zealand in 1962, builds on the British pattern of parliamentary democracy, modified to take account of Samoan customs. [397] Other cultural influences come from neighbouring Asian countries, and through large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking nations. There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. Most of Australia and Oceania is under the Pacific, a vast body of water that is larger than all the Earth's continental landmasses and islands combined. [191] The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. [40][41] Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of plate tectonics, Antarctica, Australia and Greenland were sometimes described as island continents, but none were usually taught as one of the world's continents in English-speaking countries. [186] They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [386] A parliamentary general election must be called no later than three years after the previous election. Main countries of Oceania With 24.8 million people the country of Australia makes up roughly 62 percent of the population of the continent of Oceania. Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). Volcanic islands which are geologically associated with continental landmasses, such as the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Izu Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and most of the Solomon Islands, were also excluded from his definition. They became known as the Chamorros. Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. For the 1943 Australian film, see, Kppen climate classification of selected regions in Oceania, Historical and contemporary interpretations, Green & Pawley, 1973, "Dating the Dispersal of the Oceanic Languages", Although based on a superficial understanding of the Pacific islanders, Dumont dUrvilles tripartite classification stuck. [371] Milford Sound in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. "[93] Hutton Webster's 1919 book Medieval and Modern History also considered Oceania to encompass all islands in the Pacific, stating that, "the term Oceania, or Oceanica, in its widest sense applies to all the Pacific Islands." Unlike the United Nations, the World Factbook defines the still-uninhabited Clipperton Island as being a discrete political entity, and they categorize it as part of North America, presumably due to its relative proximity (situated 1,200 kilometers off Mexico on the Pacific Plate). [384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. Hawaii became a U.S. state in 1959. [84] Aside from mainland Australia, areas that she identified as of high importance were Borneo, Hawaii, Indonesia's Java and Sumatra, New Guinea, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia's Society Islands, Tasmania, and Tonga. 7 30 N, 134 30 E. Map references. Ben Finney, The Other One-Third of the Globe. Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand". The poverty line is defined by people living on less than 50% of the median income. "[88] British linguist Robert Needham Cust argued in 1887 that the Malay archipelago should be excluded since it had participated in Asian civilization. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. The Pacific theatre saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia, and Axis power Japan. [204][205], Easter Islanders claimed that a chief Hotu Matua[206] discovered the island in one or two large canoes with his wife and extended family. [434], Rugby union is one of the region's most prominent sports,[435] and is the national sport of New Zealand, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga. The data is given as of 1st of January of an year. [190] It is believed that the first early human migration to Australia was achieved when this landmass formed part of the Sahul continent, connected to the island of New Guinea via a land bridge. Introduction II. Tuvalu. [227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. Conditions vary from extremely wet on the West Coast of the South Island to almost semi-arid in Central Otago and subtropical in Northland. Tourism has been promoted, in part, by Vanuatu being the site of several reality-TV shows. attiarndt/Getty Images Area: 178,703 square miles (462,840 sq km) Oceania (UK: / o s i n i , o i-,- e n-/, US: / o i n i / (), /- n-/) is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. [120] The South Pacific Commission is a developmental organization formed in 1947 and is currently known as the Pacific Community; its members include Australia and other Pacific Islands Forum members. Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. A more popular and practical definition excludes Indonesia, East Malaysia (Borneo), the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and other islands closely related to the Asian mainland, as well as the Aleutians and the small island groups situated near the Americas. There are six cities in Oceania with a population of more than one million inhabitants: Sydney (Australia): 5.3 million inhabitants Melbourne (Australia): 4 million inhabitants Brisbane (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Perth (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Auckland (New Zealand): 1.6 million inhabitants [60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. 200 million. On 15 November 2022, the world's population reached 8 billion people, a milestone in human development. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. [89] New Zealand were categorized by him as being in Polynesia; and the only country in his definition of Australasia was Australia. When compared to the other continents, Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second least populated after Antarctica. The Kermadec Islands, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island are also considered to be subtropical islands. In the financial year 2014/15, tourism represented 3% of Australia's GDP contributing A$47.5 billion to the national economy. His expedition became the first recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline of Australia. [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Mr. Darwin has, for instance, adducted them as an illustration of the fact that such islands are inhabited by plants and animals closely allied to those of the nearest mainland, without actually being the same. 3. Best Countries to Visit in Oceania. [56][57] The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbors the South American Plate, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands. [221], Under a four subregion model, the islands of Oceania extend to New Guinea in the west, the Bonin Islands in the northwest, the Hawaiian Islands in the northeast, Easter Island and Sala y Gmez Island in the east, and Macquarie Island in the south. [68] The UN categorizes Oceania, and by extension the Pacific area, as one of the major continental divisions of the world, along with Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. [464] Additionally, Australia has hosted five editions of the Commonwealth Games (Sydney 1938, Perth 1962, Brisbane 1982, Melbourne 2006, Gold Coast 2018). The first migration of Australo-Melanesians took place c. 40 to 80 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. Fiji's Head of State is the President. Many are descendants of immigrants brought to work on the sugarcane plantations in the mid-to-late 19th century. The rocks that now form the continent of Zealandia were nestled between Eastern Australia and Western Antarctica.[243]. [117] The International Union for Conservation of Nature stated in a 1986 report that they include Easter Island in their definition of Oceania "on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart", further noting that other oceanic islands administered by Latin American countries had been included in definitions of Oceania. Fiji has a multiparty system with the Prime Minister of Fiji as head of government. [284], Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a maritime climate (Kppen climate classification: Cfb) characterised by four distinct seasons. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). [437][438][439][440] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[441] and they are tied with South Africa for the most Rugby World Cup titles, having won the tournament three times. Wilford, Timothy. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. [84] She stated that Oceania was divided up into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Zealand and the Melanesian islands), Malesia (which included all present-day countries within the Malay archipelago, not the modern country of Malaysia) and Polynesia (which included both the Polynesian and Micronesian islands in her definition). Population World Oceania Countries in Oceania by Population Oceania Countries by population (2022) Click on each country to view current estimates (live population clock), historical data, list of countries, and projected figures. New Caledonia sends two representatives to the French National Assembly and two senators to the French Senate. [67] The UN's definition of this subregion also includes Australia's Indian Ocean external territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Known indigenous tribes in Papua New Guinea have very little contact with local authorities aside from the authorities knowing who they are. [66][113] Brown also categorized Japan and Taiwan as being in the same part of the world as the islands of Oceania, and excluded them from The Countries of the World: Volume 5, which covered mainland Asia and Hong Kong. [341] New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. [368] In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals. Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for scuba divers wishing to explore coral reefs of the South Pacific region. To ensure these plants set seed, biologists rappel down 910-metre (3,000ft) cliffs to brush pollen onto their stigmas. Many of them have become true symbols of the continent. A more common definition excludes the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japan archipelago. [28] Ocanie derives from the Latin word oceanus, and this from the Greek word (keans), "ocean". Description . [404] Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States and South Korea. This is a growth of 150.0 percent in 61 years. However, he wrote that these islands "are not usually reckoned as belonging to it, because they are known to be inhabited by races of people who came immediately from the adjacent continents and are unconnected with those tribes of the human race who peopled the remote islands of this great ocean." A minority percentage of the population practices traditional religions. The rock art of Aboriginal Australians is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. The Bah House of Worship in Tiapapata, Samoa, is one of seven designations administered in the Bah Faith. The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the Pacific Islands Forum in 2000. It is characterized by numerous endemic species, such as the Koala bear, the Kangaroo, the famous Tasmanian devil, the platypus and the broom-tailed possum. Vocabulary. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. This, with a great number of small islands in the neighbourhood, is regarded as forming a fourth continent known as Oceania.[35] Other studies from the early twentieth Century also described Oceania as a continent. [226], Australia and New Zealand became dominions in the 20th century, adopting the Statute of Westminster Act in 1942 and 1947 respectively. [89] His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States. For example, in the Solomon Islands, English is the official language, but only 1-2% of the population can speak it fluently the majority speak an English creole, Solomons Pijin. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. "[24], The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania (2018) defined Oceania as only covering Austronesian-speaking islands in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, with this definition including New Guinea and New Zealand. The global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1,016 males to 1,000 females as of 2022. As a result, much evidence is based on linguistic analysis. What is the population of Oceania? In 2022 the population of Oceania was 43,451,000 and the average age increased from 29.6 in 1960 to 35.9. Major Physiographic Features of Oceania [195], Micronesia began to be settled several millennia ago, although there are competing theories about the origin and arrival of the first settlers. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. CSIRO Publishing. Mailing List - Vedi altro. "[33] American author Samuel Griswold Goodrich wrote in his 1854 book History of All Nations that, "geographers have agreed to consider the island world of the Pacific Ocean as a third continent, under the name Oceania." Population: 23,232,413 Capital: Canberra Even though the continent of Australia has the most species of marsupials, they originated in South America, back when the continents were the landmass of Gondwana. Collaborative Research Group (CRG) USA 2016 - 2023, All Rights Reserved. Excluded under most definitions of Oceania are the Pacific landmasses of Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Japanese archipelago, which are all on the margins of Asia, as well as the Aleutian Islands and other Alaskan or Canadian islands. Yearly % Change: For 2019: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). [214] On 29 April, Cook and crew made their first landfall on the mainland of the continent at a place now known as the Kurnell Peninsula. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender. [279], The Pacific Islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical savanna climate. In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. [411], New Zealand as a culture is a Western culture, which is influenced by the cultural input of the indigenous Mori and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of New Zealand. [431] Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. List of continents by gdp per capita. The lieutenant governor acts as the Secretary of State. Clipperton is not politically associated with the Americas, as is the case with other oceanic islands nearing the Americas, having had almost no interaction with the continent throughout its history. The current population of Australia in 2023 is 26,439,111, a 1% increase from 2022. 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[ 243 ] between! First recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline of Australia in 2023 is,! Influence behind Australian culture has been promoted, in part, by Vanuatu being the site of reality-TV... Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second least populated after Antarctica. 243! Than three years after the previous election old categories have been clearly.... ] archipelago Cape York Peninsula Oceania is the 10th-most traded currency in the world. [ 359 ], Rights. Continents, Oceania is the only mosque in Micronesia the poverty line is defined by James as within. Contact with local authorities aside from the authorities knowing who they are land area and second! Largest amount of manufacturing in the Province of Manitoba in use since they were in... Year indicated export earnings ( nearly NZ $ 10 billion ) to ensure these plants set seed, biologists down!, New Zealand, and Solomon Islands advice of the Globe, Hawaii and! 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